Bio-Psycho

Foundations

The
HORMONE
Graduate S
School
ZENDLE ANN M. BALADAD-AGNO
ROSALIE GUTIERREZ-AÑOSA
 Introduction
Behavioral endocrinology is the
scientific study of the interaction
between hormones and behavior. This
interaction is bidirectional: hormones
can affect behavior, and behavior can
feedback to influence hormone
concentrations.
 HORMONES
Hormones are organic chemical messengers produced
.
and released by specialized glands called ‘endocrine
glands.’ Endocrine is derived from the Greek root
words endon, meaning ‘within,’ and krinein,
meaning ‘to release,’ whereas the term hormone is
based on the Greek word hormon, meaning ‘to
excite.’ Hormones are released from these glands into
the bloodstream (or the tissue fluid system in
invertebrates), where they act on target organs (or
tissues) generally at some distance from their origin.
 THREE MAJOR TYPES OF
HORMONES
Protein Hormones (or polypeptide
hormones) are made of chains of amino
acids. Ex. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
which decreases blood pressure.
Steriod Hormones are derived from
lipids.
Amine hormones are derived from amino
acids.
 FUNCTIONS
Hormones are chemicals that coordinate
different functions in your body by
carrying messages through your blood to
your organs, skin, muscles and other
tissues. These signals tell your body
what to do and when to do it. Hormones
are essential for life and your health.
 HOW HORMONES AFFECT OUR
BEHAVIOURS AND EMOTIONS
Controlled by a structure in your brain called
hypothalamus, your hormones make a big
difference in your emotional state, causing
both good and bad mood patterns.
Regulating your hormones can significantly
improve and balance your emotional health
and resolve mood disorders.
 What are four ways a hormone
can affect a behavior?
This can include regulating physical
functions such as respiration, digestion,
lactation, or growth; hormones also have a
hand in behavioral activities such as sleep,
mood, movement, and sexual function.
 How hormones affect our
mental health?
 Reproductive hormones and stress hormones can
also cause mental health side effects. “Drops in
estrogen and progesterone can make us irritable
and anxious”, says Gillian Goddard, MD,a New
York-based endocrinologist.” The stress hormone
cortisol can cause anxiety and depression that can be
severe if left unaddressed.”
 Why do hormones cause mood
swings?
Estrogen is related to reproduction of
serotonin, a mood regulating
neurotransmitter. Fluctuating estrogen
and progesterone levels, plus other
factors, cause serotonin production
disruption, leading to more mood
swings.
 Why do hormones make you
angry?
As your reproductive hormone levels
change, your body may react with hot
flashes, sleep interruptions, and changes
in mood that can be unpredictable.
Sometimes these mood changes take the
form of extreme and sudden feelings of
panic, anxiety, or anger.
Hormones and most of the tissues (mainly glands) that create
and release them make up your endocrine system. Hormones
control many different bodily processes, including:
 Metabolism
 Homeostasis (constant internal balance), such as blood
pressure and blood sugar regulation, fluid (water) and
electrolyte balance and body temperature
 Growth and development
 Sexual function
 Reproduction
 Sleep-wake cycle
 Mood
Too much of certain hormones can have results like
moustache at an early stage furthermore:
o Hormone can make people grow or stop growing.
o Make people feel happy or sad
o Starting puberty
o Starting menopause
o Regulating your fighting, mating, and feeling instincts.
o Speed up or slow down the metabolism
o Control the various metabolic activities of the body.
o Helps to bring the right amount of energy and nutrition the
body needs to function.
 Your ENDOCRINE SYSTEM consists
of the following glands:
o Hypothalamus
o PituitaryGland
o Pineal Gland
o Thyroid
o Parathyroids
o Adrenal Glands
o Reproductive
HYPOTHALAMUS
is a small region of your brain that connects to your pituitary
gland through the pituitary stalk. It releases several hormones
that control your pituitary gland. Your hypothalamus makes the
following hormones:
 Corticotrophin-releasing hormone
 Dopamine
 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
 Growth hormone-releasing hormone
 Oxytocin (your hypothalamus makes oxytocin, but your
pituitary gland stores and releases it)
 Somatostatin
 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PITUITARY GLAND
is a pea-sized gland at the base of your brain, behind the bridge of
your nose and directly below your hypothalamus. It consists of two
lobes: the posterior lobe and the anterior lobe. Your pituitary gland
releases several hormones — many of which control the functions of
other endocrine glands.
The anterior pituitary: makes and releases the following six
hormones:
 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotropin)
 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-gonadrophins
 Growth hormone (GH)
 Luteinizing hormone (LH)-gonadrophins
 Prolactin
 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
PINEAL GLAND
 is a tiny gland in your brain that’s located
beneath the back part of the corpus
callosum (nerve fibers that connect the
two parts of your brain). It releases the
hormone melatonin, which helps control
your sleep-wake cycle.
THYROID GLAND
 is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of
your neck under your skin. Your thyroid’s main job is to
control the speed of your metabolism (metabolic rate),
which is the process of how your body transforms the
food you consume into energy.
 Your thyroid releases the following hormones:
• Thyroxine (T4)
• Triiodothyronine (T3)
• Reverse triiodothyronine (RT3)
• Calcitonin
 Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are often collectively
called “thyroid hormones.”
PARATHYROID GLAND
 Most people have four pea-sized parathyroid
glands located behind their thyroid gland (the
butterfly-shaped gland in your neck).
Sometimes, your parathyroid glands are located
along your esophagus or in your chest. These are
known as ectopic (in an abnormal place)
parathyroid glands.
 The main job of your parathyroid glands is to release
parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is responsible for the
calcium balance in your blood and bone health.
ADRENAL GLAND
 also known as suprarenal glands, are small,
triangle-shaped glands that are located on top of
each of your two kidneys.
 Your adrenal glands make the following hormones:
• Cortisol
• Aldosterone
• DHEA and androgens
• Adrenaline (epinephrine)
• Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
PANCREAS
 is an organ in the back of your abdomen
(belly). It’s part of your digestive system
and endocrine system.

 The islet cells (endocrine cells) in your pancreas

make the following hormones:
• Insulin
• Glucagon
REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS
 Are the main source of sex hormones
 Ovaries People assigned female at birth (AFAB)
have two ovaries — each located on both sides of
their uterus below the opening of the fallopian tubes.
In addition to containing the egg cells necessary for
reproduction.
 The ovaries produce the following hormones:
• Estrogen
• Progesterone
• Testosterone
REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS
 These hormones control the development
of female characteristics (for example
breast growth); involved in reproductive
functions such as menstruation,
pregnancy)
REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS
 Testes People assigned male at birth (AMAB)
have two testes that hang in a pouch outside of
their body below their penis. The testes are part
of the male reproductive system and produce
sperm and the hormone testosterone.

 These hormones affect many male characteristics

(for example sexual development, growth of facial
hair and pubic hair) as well as sperm reproduction.
Thank you!

ZENDLE ANN BALADAD-AGNO

ROSALIE GUTIRRIEZ-AÑOSA