DATA COMMUNICATIONS | CS 2101 |

4 CREDITS | 3104 3rd Semester CSE- F & G

Dr. Tejpal (Department of ECE)

INTRODUCTION:
This course is to provide students with the fundamental concepts and
techniques used for communicating data in efficient and reliable
manner.
The student will be able to understand and describe various encoding
techniques, flow & error control mechanisms and multiplexing &
multiple-access techniques used for enabling data communication.
The course lays down the foundation for Computer Networks,
Wireless & Mobile Communication and Network security.
 A. At the end of the course, students will be able to
 
CS2101.1: Summarize the components of layering
architecture, types of transmission media, impairments, and
network performance in computer networks. (Level 2)

CS2101.2: Classify different signal encoding techniques

COURSE for digital-analog transmission in various transmission

OUTCOMES media. (Level 2)

CS2101.3: Develop skills for error detection and correction

techniques in the data transmission. (Level 3)

CS2101.4: Identify error and flow control protocols at Data

Link Layer. (Level 3)

CS2101.5: Apply multiplexing and multiple access

techniques in data transmission. (Level 3)
 Introduction: Data communications, Networks, Network types.
Protocol Layering: Protocol, Need for protocol architecture, OSI Model, TCP/IP protocol
architecture.

Data Transmission: Concepts and terminology, Analog and digital data transmission,
Transmission impairments, Channel capacity,
Transmission Media: Guided transmission media, Wireless transmission.
 
Signal Encoding Techniques: Analog and digital Signals, Digital-to-digital conversion: Line
coding schemes, Block coding, scrambling, Analog-To-Digital Conversion: Pulse code

SYLLABUS modulation, Delta modulation. Digital-to-Analog: ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM, Analog-to-digital:
AM, FM, PM.
Digital Data Communication Techniques: asynchronous and synchronous transmission, Types
of errors, Error detection, Error correction, Line configurations.
 
Data Link Control Protocols: Framing, Flow and error control, Noiseless channel: Simplest
and Stop and Wait, Noisy Channel: Stop and Wait ARQ, Go Back N Selective Repeat ARQ,
HDLC and PTP Protocol.
 
Multiplexing: Frequency-division multiplexing, Time-division multiplexing, Code-division
multiple access. Space division multiplexing.
Multiple Access: Random access, Aloha, Carrier sense multiple access, Carrier sense multiple
access with collision detection, Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance, Code-
division multiple access.
BOOKS
TEXTBOOKS:
1. B. Forouzan, Data Communication & Networking, (5e), McGraw Hill Education,
2013.
2. W. Stallings, Data and Computer Communications, (10e), Pearson
Education,2018.

REFERENCE BOOK:
1. W.R. Stevens, TCP/IP illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols, 2nd Ed., Addison-
Wesley, 2015.
2. D E. Comer, Internetworking with TCP/IP Principles, Protocols and
Architecture, 6th Ed., Pearson, 2013.
3. L. Peterson and T. Davie “Computer Networks: A Systems A pproach” Fifth
Edition, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2012.
 DATA COMMUNICATIONS

The term telecommunication means communication at a distance.

The word data refers to information presented in whatever form is

agreed upon by the parties creating and using the data.

Data communications are the exchange of data between two devices

via some form of transmission medium such as a wire cable.

Components of a data communication system

 DATA FLOW
(SIMPLEX,
HALF-
DUPLEX, AND
FULL-DUPLEX
 A network is a set of devices (often
referred to as nodes) connected by

NETWOR communication links.

KS A node can be a computer, printer, or

1. NETWORKS any other device capable of sending
CRITERIA and/or receiving data generated by
2. PHYSICAL other nodes on the network.
STRUCTURE
3. CATEGORIES A link can be a cable, air, optical
OF NETWORK fiber, or any medium which can
transport a signal carrying
information.
Network Criteria

Performance
 Depends on Network Elements
 Measured in terms of Delay and Throughput

Reliability
 Failure rate of network components
 Measured in terms of availability/robustness

Security
 Data protection against corruption/loss of data due to:
 Errors
 Malicious users
Physical Structures
Type of Connection
 Point to Point - single transmitter and receiver
 Multipoint - multiple recipients of single transmission

Physical Topology
 Connection of devices
 Type of transmission - unicast, mulitcast, broadcast
Categories of
topology
A hybrid topology: a star backbone with three bus networks
Categories of Networks

Local Area Networks (LANs)

 Short distances
 Designed to provide local
interconnectivity

Metropolitan Area Networks

(MANs)
 Provide connectivity over areas such
as a city, a campus

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

 Long distances
 Provide connectivity over large areas
A heterogeneous network made of four WANs and two LANs
 THE INTERNET

The Internet has revolutionized many aspects of our daily

lives. It has affected the way we do business as well as the
way we spend our leisure time. The Internet is a
communication system that has brought a wealth of
information to our fingertips and organized it for our use.

Organization of the Internet

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
Hierarchical organization of the Internet

NAP (Network Access Point)
PROTOCOLS

A protocol is synonymous with rule. It consists of a set of

rules that govern data communications. It determines what
is communicated, how it is communicated and when it is
communicated. The key elements of a protocol are syntax,
semantics and timing

Elements:
 Syntax
 Semantics
 Timing
Elements of a Protocol

Syntax
 Structure or format of the data
 Indicates how to read the bits - field delineation

Semantics
 Interprets the meaning of the bits
 Knows which fields define what action

Timing
 When data should be sent and what
 Speed at which data should be sent or speed at which it is being
received.
 STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS

1. International Standards Organization (ISO)

2. International Telecommunications Union–
Telecommunications Standards Sector (ITU-T)
3. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
4. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
5. Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
6. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
7. Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)
 Internet Administration

Internet Architecture Board

Internet Research Task Force Internet Engineering Task Force

SG: Steering
Group
“An Internet standard is a thoroughly tested specification that is useful to and adhered to
by those who work with the Internet”
Request for Comment (RFC)

 An Internet draft is a working document (a work in progress) with no official status and a six-month lifetime.
RFCs are classified into five requirement levels: required,
recommended, elective,limited use, and not recommended

RFC level