CHEMICAL EOR

FIELD EXPERIENCE

Oil Chem Technologies, Inc.

Sugar Land, TX USA
www.oil-chem.com
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

 Introduction to Oil Chem

 EOR – past
 EOR - Oil Chem Technologies
field experience to share
 EOR - future
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

 Introduction
 EOR – past
 EOR - Oil Chem Technologies
field experience to share
 EOR - future
WHY EOR?
 Oil Recovery Overview

RESIDUAL PRIMARY
OIP 15%
33% WATER
18%

TERTIARY
34%

BAVIER; BASIC CONCEPTS OF EOR PROCESSES(1991)

WHY CHEMICAL EOR?
 ECONOMICS FOR FIELD ASP
PROJECTS
Field W. Kiehl Cambridge Daqing
Surfactant 0.10% 0.10% 0.30%
Alkali 0.80% 1.25% 1.00%
Polymer 1050 ppm 1425 ppm 1200 ppm
Tot. Cost $375,000 $2,518,000 $1,009,000
Inc. ASP Oil 275,000 1,143,000 270,000
Cost/bbl $1.46 $2.20 $3.79
 ROLE OF SURFACTANTS
 Reduce interfacial tension
 Wettability alteration
 Polymer, CDG, BW, etc. can be used
along with surfactants when
mobility control is necessary
 SURFACE OR INTERFACIAL
TENSIONS
SYSTEM mN/m

Water 72

Pure Hydrocarbons ~ 40

Crude Oil ~ 30 - 40

Crude Oil/Water ~ 3 - 30

Crude Oil/Water/Surfactant < 0.01

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPILLARY
NUMBER AND OIL RECOVERY
100
Nc =  µ / cosθ
% Oil Recovered

80
Nc = Capillary Number
60
 = Darcy Velocity
40 µ = Viscosity
= Interfacial Tension
20
Θ=wetting angle
0
1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02
Capillary Number
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

 Introduction
 EOR – past
 EOR - Oil Chem Technologies
field experience to share
 EOR - future
LOUDON FLOOD - EXXON
1983
 2.3% surfactant
 96% of the connate salinity
 0.3% pore volume
 0.1% Xanthan gum
 56 million pounds surfactant was
injected in 9 months
 68% ROIP
 ROBINSON – MARATHON
1983
 10% surfactant – petroleum sulfonate
 0.8% hexanol as co-surfactant
 2.5% salt
 No polymer
 0.1 pore volume
 19 –21% ROIP
 CHEMICAL EOR -
PAST PROBLEMS

Technical success but limited

“commercial” success -
Reasons?
 EOR BY CHEMICAL FLOOD

Limited commercial success for the

past two decades - Reasons?

 Sensitivity to oil price

 Limitations of chemicals
 High surfactant concentration
 Salinity optimization required
 Potential emulsion block
However,

 Extensive lab evaluations and field pilot tests

support the feasibility of chemical flooding
 New chemicals and processes open the door
for new opportunities
 Recent field data using these new chemical
and processes proves chemical flooding is
an effective way to recover residual oil
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

 Introduction
 EOR – past
 EOR - Oil Chem Technologies
field experience to share
 EOR - future
 CURRENT PROJECTS
 21 Current projects
 20MT to 400 MT Surfactant/mo
 400 MT @ 0.1% = 28,000,000 bbl/mo
injection
 California 50,000 MT surfactant/yr @
0.2% =155,000,000 bbl/yr
 Build plant onsite
CHINA EOR PROJECTS

• Heavy crude recovery

• Low perm formation oil recovery
• High temp. / high salinities
• Effective, economical offshore EOR
 CHINA EOR PROJECTS

INJECTED, ON-GOING & APPROVED PROJECTS

SS B2080, SS B5050, SS B1688,

ORS-46L, ORS-97HF, ORS-41HF
1992-94: LAB EVALUATION

Over 100 Surfactants Were Tested

Including:
 ORS-41
 Petroleum Sulfonates
 Carboxylates
 Lignin Sulfonate/Petroleum Sulfonates
 Microbiological
 1995 - INITIAL FIELD
EVALUATION

 Daqing No.4 Field - Oil Chem

Technologies’ ORS-41
 Daqing No.1 Field – another US
company’s Petroleum Sulfonate
1996-1998: ENLARGED FIELD
EVALUATION
ORS-41 was the ONLY surfactant
chosen for enlarged field evaluation.
More than 7000 MT of the ORS-41
was injected in several field blocks
and this confirmed the viability of
the ASP process

SPE 36748, 57288, 71061, 71491, 71492

 A S P P R O J E C T U S IN G O R S -4 1 T M
IN D A Q IN G , C H IN A

20
Oil Recovery
Tons/Day

15
BEFORE ASP
10 AFTER ASP

5
0
1 2 3 4
W e ll N u m b e r S P E 3 6 7 4 8 (1 9 9 6 )
DAQING CENTRAL WELL

SPE 57288
DAQING CENTRAL FIELD

SPE 84896
HEAVY OIL RECOVERY
BY CREATING WATER
EXTERNAL PSEUDO-
EMULSION
HEAVY OIL PSEUDO-EMULSION

Control 0.1% SF-100

Surfactant
HEAVY OIL PSEUDO-EMULSION

Control 0.1% SF-100

Surfactant
HEAVY OIL PSEUDO-EMULSION

Control 0.1% SF-100

Surfactant

Oil Viscosity = Oil Viscosity <

6,700 cps 200 cps
LAB CORE FLOOD DATA
100
90
80 水驱
试剂1驱(0.1%)
70 试剂2驱(0.1%)
试剂3驱(0.1%)
采出程度,%

60
%

50
Oil Recovery,

40
Water flood
30
20
10
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
注入量(PV)
Injection Volume, PV
 LOW PERM INJECTIVITY
ENHANCER
 Permeability: 0.1 – 10 md
 High water injection pressure makes
water flood unfeasible
 FI series surfactants reduced
injection pressure, increased
injectivity
 Effectively increased the injectivity
in several fields in China and USA
CANADA EOR PROJECTS

• HEAVY CRUDE
• TAR SAND
• LOWER RESERVOIR TEMPERATURES
• FRESH WATER SOURCES
• HIGH SALINITY RESERVOIRS
• FRACTURED CARBONATE FORMATIONS
CANADA EOR PROJECTS

INJECTED, ON-GOING & APPROVED PROJECTS

SS B2080, SS B5050, SS B1688,

ORS-46L, ORS-97HF, ORS-41HF

Some field results will be published

upon completion of projects
 NORTHERN CANADA SP
PROJECT
 Heavy oil field, API = 12 -13
 Under polymer flood
 Added 0.1% surfactant with polymer
in November, 2006
 ~ 3 months later, the water cut
reduced from 97% to 58%
UNITED STATES EOR PROJECTS

• FRESH WATER SOURCES

• HIGH SALINITY RESERVOIRS
• FRACTURED CARBONATE FORMATIONS
• LOW PERMEABILITY
UNITED STATES EOR PROJECTS

INJECTED, ON-GOING & APPROVED PROJECTS

ORS-41HF (2), ORS-62, ORS-97, ORS-46HF,

ORS-162, SS-7593, SS B1688(2)
 SHO-VEL-TUM FIELD

 On production > 40 yrs, extensive water flood,

produced 4 bbl/day
 ASP started on 2/98, using Na2CO3 and ORS-
62
 Total incremental oil > 10,444 bbl (22 bbls/day)
in 1.3 years

SPE 84904
 OIL SATURATION AFTER
ASP INJECTION
35
30
25
So, %PV

20
15
10
5
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

(SURFACTANT CONC, % )(ASP SLUG SIZE)

SPE 84904
MELLOTT RANCH WYOMING
ASP PROJECT
 0.1% ORS-46HF, 1% NaOH, 1300 PPM
polymer
 Recovered 989,000 bbl or 16.4 %
OOIP between 2003 and 2005
 Injection volume decreased 2,800,000
bbl due decreased water cut
 MELLOTT RANCH ASP
PROJECT - ORS-46HF
250 180

160

200
140

WATER, BBL x 10,000

120
OIL, BBL x 1,000

150
100

80
100
60

40
50
NEW WELL
20

WATER FLOOD SINCE 1966 ASP

0 0
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
YEAR
BIG SINKING, KENTUCKY

Project Information
 Crude oil : 100 Million bbl
 Bottom Hole Temperature: 30oC
 Depth: 1150 ft
 Thickness: 25 feet (7.32 meter)
 Permeability: 45 mD

SPE 100004
 BIG SINKING, KENTUCKY

Chemical injected:
0.8% NaOH + 0.1% ORS-162HF
Problems overcome:
 IFT lowered from 23.6 to 0.001 mN/m
 Poor water injectivity
 High water cuts
 220% increase in injectivity
 Large field trial scheduled to begin in
12/2007
SPE 89384
BIG SINKING, KENTUCKY

SPE 89384
TANNER FIELD, WYOMING

Project Information
 Crude oil : 21o API
 Bottom Hole Temperature: 175oF
 Depth: 8915 ft
 Thickness: 25 ft
 Porosity: 20%
 Permeability: 200 mD
SPE 100004
 TANNER, WYOMING

SPE 100004
SOUTHEAST ASIA PROJECTS

• HEAVY CRUDE
• HIGH TEMPERATURES
• ENVIRONMENT CONCERNS
• FRESH WATER SOURCE
SOUTHEAST ASIA PROJECTS

INJECTED, ON-GOING & APPROVED PROJECTS

SS 6-72LV, SS 8020
 OFFSHORE ALKALINE
SURFACTANT (AS) PROJECT

 SEA WATER IS SOFTENED ON THE PLATFORM

 SINGLE WELL TEST SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED
USING SS 6-72LV INJECTED WITH NAOH

 PILOT PROJECT WILL PROCEED

SOUTH AMERICA PROJECTS

• VARIOUS RESERVOIR CONDITIONS

• MANY EOR CANDIDATE FIELDS –
OFFSHORE & INLAND
• ASPHALTENE REMOVAL / WELLBORE
DAMAGE REMOVAL
• IMPROVED GAS RECOVERY/REDUCED
WATER CUT
SOUTH AMERICA PROJECTS

INJECTED, ON-GOING & APPROVED PROJECTS

ORS-57HF, ORS-41HF (2), SS-6046,

SS GI-1416, SS B1688
 as
O R S -4 1 H F (2 ), O R S -
6 2 , O R S -9 7 , O R S -
4 6 H F ,O R S -1 6 2 , S S -
7 5 9 3 , S S B 1 6 8 8 (2 )
SS B 2080, SS B 505,
O R S -4 6 L , O R S - S S 7 -5 7 O R S -4 1 (4 ) *,
9 7 H F , O R S -4 1 H F SS B 1688
SS B 8020

S S 6 -7 2

O R S -5 7 H F
O R S -4 1 H F

S S -6 0 4 6 ,
S S G I1 4 1 6

O R S -4 1 , S S -
O R S -4 1 H F , S S 6 5 6 6 , O R S -5 7
B 1688

IN J E C T E D , O N -G O IN G & A P P R O V E D P R O J E C T S
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

 Introduction
 EOR – past
 EOR - Oil Chem Technologies
field experience to share
 EOR - future
EOR BY CHEMICAL FLOOD
The future is bright – Reasons?

 High oil prices

 Energy demand
 Diminishing reserves
 Past experience
 New technologies
CHEMICAL EOR - THE FUTURE
 New processes use less surfactant (up to
10 times less)
 Extensive lab evaluations support the
feasibility of chemical flooding
 Field data proves chemical flooding is an
effective way to recover residual oil
 Cost of chemicals have not increased in
proportion to price of crude oil
 COST OF CHEMICALS
1980 2006
Polymer1 $3-4/lb $1/lb
Surfactant2 $0.40-0.60/lb $0.60-1.2/lb
Alkali3 $0.12/lb $0.20-.040/lb
Crude Oil $12/bbl $50-70/bbl
Incr. Cost/bbl $8-15 $0.50-$5
1
Some processes eliminate need for polymer
2
Surfactant concentration has been reduced by 10
3
Alkali has been reduced by 50% or in some cases is
not needed at all
 PROCESS CHOICES
 Surfactant
 Surfactant Polymer
 Alkaline Surfactant
 Alkaline Surfactant Polymer
 Smart Surfactant
 Pseudo-emulsion
 Chemical/Mechanical
SCALING UP
ENLARGED FIELD CHEMICAL
FLOOD
 Raw Material Supply
• Source (local or import)
• Availability (quantity, quality)
• Alternative suppliers
• Storage
 Manufacturing Location
• Foreign, domestic, on-site
• Shipping, tax, etc.
• Storage and distribution
• Flexibility
ENLARGED FIELD CHEMICAL
FLOOD

 Capital Investment
• Up-front investment
• Operational cost
• By-products
CHEMICAL EOR OPPORTUNITIES
 Conventional Oil Recover Factor <33%
 Oil reserves & reservoir characteristics
have already been confirmed
 Improved processes and chemicals are
available
 Better scaling and modeling has been
developed
CHEMICAL EOR OPPORTUNITIES
 Two trillion bbl of oil remain in depleted or
abandoned wells
 Chemical floods offer the only chance in many
depleted & water flooded reservoirs
 Chemical EOR must be re-evaluated based on current
technical & economic conditions
 Minimal or no remediation is necessary, minimizing
environmental constraints
 Trained personnel are available locally
 COMPLIMENTARY
SURFACTANT EVALUATION

To: Oil Chem Total Bill

Technologies SS-7593
= $ 0.00

0.1

IFT, mN/m
0.01

0.001
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
SS-5566, WT%
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& EXPERENCES

TEAM WORK - KEY TO SUCCESS

THANK YOU !

Oil Chem Technologies, Inc.

12822 Park One Drive
Sugar Land, TX 77478
281-240-0161
www.oil-chem.com