UNITED NATIONS

PRINCIPLES
ON HUMAN RIGHT
 Universality and Inalienability:

• Human rights are universal and inalienable. All

people everywhere in the world are entitled to them.
The universality of human rights is encompassed in
the words of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights: “All human beings are born free and
equal in dignity and rights.”
 Indivisibility:
• Human rights are indivisible. Whether they relate to civil, cultural,
economic, political or social issues, human rights are inherent to
the dignity of every human person. Consequently, all human rights
have equal status, and cannot be positioned in a hierarchical
order. Denial of one right invariably impedes enjoyment of other
rights. Thus, the right of everyone to an adequate standard of
living cannot be compromised at the expense of other rights, such
as the right to health or the right to education.
 Interdependence and Interrelatedness:

• Human rights are interdependent and interrelated. Each one

contributes to the realization of a person’s human dignity
through the satisfaction of his or her developmental,
physical, psychological and spiritual needs. The fulfilment of
one right often depends, wholly or in part, upon the
fulfilment of others. For instance, fulfilment of the right to
health may depend, in certain circumstances, on fulfilment
of the right to development, to education or to information.
 Equality and Non-discrimination:

• All individuals are equal as human beings and by virtue of

the inherent dignity of each human person. No one,
therefore, should suffer discrimination on the basis of race,
colour, ethnicity, gender, age, language, sexual orientation,
religion, political or other opinion, national, social or
geographical origin, disability, property, birth or other status
as established by human rights standards.
 Participation and Inclusion: 

• All people have the right to participate in and access

information relating to the decision-making processes that
affect their lives and well-being. Rights-based approaches
require a high degree of participation by communities, civil
society, minorities, women, young people, indigenous
peoples and other identified groups.
 Accountability and Rule of Law:

• States and other duty-bearers are answerable for the observance of

human rights. In this regard, they have to comply with the legal norms
and standards enshrined in international human rights instruments.
Where they fail to do so, aggrieved rights-holders are entitled to
institute proceedings for appropriate redress before a competent
court or other adjudicator in accordance with the rules and procedures
provided by law. Individuals, the media, civil society and the
international community play important roles in holding governments
accountable for their obligation to uphold human rights.
UNFPA supports the integration of human rights
standards into all stages of its programming
framework, including:

• Analyzing the immediate, underlying and structural causes

of human rights violations 
• Setting strategies and goals to address the main causes of
human rights violations and to empower the most vulnerable
people as well as to reinforce the capacity of duty bearers.
• Supporting initiatives for the establishment or
improvement of an enabling legal and social
framework on population and development,
reproductive health and gender equality 
• Following the recommendations of UN treaty bodies
such as the Committee on the Elimination of
Discrimination Against Women 
• Evaluating and monitoring programmes with
participatory processes and using human rights
indicators
• UNFPA also recognizes that a rights-based approach
should be founded on an analysis of gender and
social exclusion to ensure that programs reach
marginal and vulnerable segments of the population,
especially poor women and young people.
 SECTION 1
RA 8491 – FLAG AND
HERALDIC CODE
OF THE PHILIPPINES
 For the implementation of the Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines, the
NSTP should be guided with the following provisions:

• SEC. 2States that it is the policy of the state to

prescribe the Code of the National Flag, Anthem,
Motto, Coat-of-Arms and other Heraldic Items and
Devices of the Philippines, ensure the promotion
and implementation of its corresponding rules and
regulations, and adopt effective administrative,
regulatory, coordinative and supervisory programs
and activities, were appropriate, in conformity
with national government policies.
SECTION 3.
Definition
of Terms
 MILITARY
- It refers to the branches of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines including;
a. Philippine National Police
b.The Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology
c. The Bureau of Fire Protection
 FESTOON

•To hang in a curved shape

between two points as a
decoration.
 FLAG
• Refers to the Philippine National Flag; is
the National Flag and Ensign of the
Philippines, use on land and sea by
public, private and the military and shall
refer to the flag or any other design that
resembles it as likely to cause any person
to believe that it is the flag or design
stated.
 DESIGN
OF THE
FLAG
•SECTION 8. The
National Flag shall be
blue, white and red with
an eight-rayed golden-
yellow and three stars
that are five-pointed, as
consecrated and
honored by the people.
 FLY
• Part of the flag outside the hoist or length.

SYMBOL
• Any conventional sign that shows man’s achievement
and heroism, identification, authority and a sign of
dignity.
 HALF-MAST
•It means lowering the flag to one-half the
distance between the top and bottom of the
staff.

HOIST
•It means the part of the flag nearest the staff or
the canvass to which the halyard is attached.
 INCLIMENT WEATHER
• When there is a typhoon signal raised in a locality
NATIONAL ANTHEM
• The “Lupang Hinirang”, Philippine national Anthem
OFFICIAL RESIDENCES
• Is Malacanang and other government-owned structures where
the President lives, and other structures occupied by the
Philippine Consulate or Embassies abroad.
 PLACES OF FRIVOLITY

• Places of hilarity marked by or providing

boisterous merriment or recreation.
INSTITUTE
• Shall mean the National Historical Institute.
•SECTION 4. The Flag Heraldic Code of the
Philippines will promote or sustain reverence
and respect for the flag, the anthem and other
national symbols, and those which symbolizes
the national ideals and traditions.
•SECTION 5. The flag shall be displayed in
all public buildings, official residences public
plazas, and institutions of learning everyday
throughout the year.
•SECTION 10. The flag, if flown from a flagpole,
shall have its blue field on top in time of peace and
the red field on top in time of war; if in a hanging
position, the blue field shall be to the right (left of
the observer) in time of peace, and the red field to
the right (left of the observer) in time of war.
SECTION 23. The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning
on all buildings and places where it is displayed, as provided for in this
Act, on the day of official announcement of the death of any of the
following;
• a. The President or former President (10 days);
• b. The Vice-President, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the President
of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives (7 days);
• c. Cabinet Secretaries, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Members of
the Senate and House of Representatives, the Chief of Staff of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines and the Director-General of the Philippine
National Police (5 days);
• d. Head of National Government Agencies, including Government Owned
and Control Corporations and Government Financial Institutions (3 days)
• e. The Commanding Generals of the Philippine Air Force and the Philippine
Army and the Flag Officer in Command of the Philippine Navy (3 days)
• f. Governors, Vice-Governors, city and municipal Mayor, city and municipal Vice- Mayors
(3 days)
• g. Members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Sangguniang Panlungsod and Sangguniang
Bayan (on the day of interment)
 SECTION 24. The flag may be used to
cover the caskets of the honored dead;
1. Military
2. Veterans of previous wars
3. National Artist
4. And of civilians who have rendered distinguished service to the
nation determined by the local government unit concerned.
 SECTION 25. The following shall be the
Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine Flag:
Ako ay Filipino Maka-Diyos,
katapatang nanunumpa Makatao,
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas Makakalikasan, at
sa bansang kanyang Makabansa.
sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan, at
kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
•SEC. 28 . The National Flag may be used to cover the caskets of
the dead honored men (military, veterans of previous wars,
National Artists and other civilians) who rendered noble service
to our nation. It should not touch the ground but must be folded
solemnly and handed it to the heirs of the deceased. No object
must be placed on top of it except for the religious objects that
symbolizes “God above the country”.
SECTION 36. The National Anthem shall always be
sung in the national language within or without the
country. The following shall be the lyrics of the
National Anthem.
Bayang magiliw, Sa simoy at sa langit mong magdidilim.
Perlas ng silanganan, bughaw, Lupa ng araw, ng
Alab ng puso May dilag ang tula luwalhati’t pagsinta,
At awit sa paglayang Buhay ay langit sa piling
Sa dibdib mo’y buhay.
minamahal. mo;
Lupang hinirang,
Ang kislap ng watawat Aming ligaya na ‘pag may
Duyan ka ng magiting, mo’y mang-aapi,
Sa manlulupig Tagumpay na Ang mamatay nang dahil
Di ka pasisiil. nagniningning; sa ‘yo.
Sa dagat at bundok, Ang bituin at araw niya,
Kailan pa ma’y di
• National Anthem
A. The title of the Philippine National Anthem is LUPANG HINIRANG
B. It should be played and sung during;
1. Flag ceremonies in schools and offices
2. Signing off and signing on of broadcast stations
3. Before the initial and last screening of films
4. Other official or important occasions
C. The singing and playing of the important is governed by the law RA 8491.
 PROHIBITED ACTS
• SEC. 39 It is prohibited:
A. To mutilate, deface, defile, trample on, cast contempt, or commit any act or omission casting dishonor or
ridicule upon the National Flag or over its surface;
B. To dip the National Flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;
C. To use National Flag
• 1. As drapery, festoon, tablecloth;
• 2. As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects;
• 3. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles;
• 4. As a staff or whip
D. To display the National Flag:
1. Under any painting or picture;
2. Horizontally. It shall always be hoisted aloft and be allowed to fall freely;
3. Below any platform; or
4. In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints and
places of vice or where frivolity prevails.
E. To wear the National Flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform;
F. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisement, or
imprint of any nature on the National Flag;
G. To print, paint or attach representation of the National Flag on
handkerchiefs, napkins, cushions, and articles of merchandise;
H. To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other
diplomatic establishments, and in offices of international organizations;
I. To use or display or be part of any advertisement or infomercial; and
J. To display the National Flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by
aliens.
SECTION 41. The National Anthem shall be sung in the national
language within or outside the country.
SECTION 42.The rendition of the National Anthem whether sung or
played shall be in accordance with the musical arrangement and
composition of Julian Felipe and in accordance with its original Filipino
lyrics and march tempo that was adopted under Memorandum Circular
No.6O dated December 19, 1963.
SECTION 43. When the National Anthem is played at a public gathering, whether
by a band or by singing or both, or reproduced by any means, the attending public
shall sing the anthem. The singing must be done with fervor.
• All person should stand at attention and face the Philippine flag as a sign of
respect.
• All persons shall execute a salute by placing their right palm over their left chest.
• Military, scouts, citizen’s military and security guard uniforms shall give the
salute prescribe by the regulations.
 PENALTIES

SECTION 48. Failure or refusal to observe the provisions of this

act; and any violation of the corresponding rules and regulations
issued by the Office of the President, shall after proper notice and
hearing, be penalized as by public censure which shall be
published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation.
SECTION 50. Any person or juridical entity which violates any of the
provisions of this act shall, upon conviction be punished by a fine of not
less than P5,000.00 nor more than P20,000.00, or by imprisonment for not
more than 1 year or both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of
the court; Provided, that for any second and additional offenses, both fine
and imprisonment shall always be imposed: Provided, further, that incase
the violation is committed by a juridical person, the President or CEO
thereof shall be liable.
SECTION 52. The National Historical Institute,
herein after referred to as the Institute, shall be
responsible for the strict enforcement of the
provisions of this Act. (NHCP)