INTERPRETING AND

PREPARING
VISUALS
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 By the end of the lesson, you will have
been able to;
● identify the different types of diagrams;
● use the appropriate diagram for the information;
● use diagrams to show trends or relationship between data;
● interpret the information in diagrams; and
● summarize findings through visual/graphic forms.
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 CLASSIFICATION OF
VISUALS
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BAR GRAPH
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TABLE
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GRAPH
LINE
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 CIRCLE GRAPH OR A PIE
GRAPH
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CHART
FLOW
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 STEPS IN INTERPRETING VISUALS
1. Read the title and the subtitle.
2. Read the captions, keys, and labels.
3. Determine the purpose of the material.
4. Identify the organization of information.
5. Analyze the relationship of details such as changes and
trends.
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6. Make a conclusion about the data, if necessary.

 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR
ADDING VISUALS TO YOUR TEXT.
1. Determine the purpose of the visuals.
2. Evaluate the accuracy and validity of the data.
3. Visuals should be accompanied by clear references within your
text.
4. Visuals should be placed on the same page as the text reference.
Complex visuals should be placed on the page opposite the text
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reference.
 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR ADDING
VISUALS TO YOUR TEXT.
5. Preferably, position the visual vertically.
6. Make your visual as simple and self-explanatory as possible by
adding data labels.
7. If the visuals are colored, go for basic contrasting colors which
are easy on the eyes; as much as possible avoid adding patterns
and textures, as well as neon colors.
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 SESSION 2:
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This is where you section ends. Duplicate this set of slides as many times you need to go over all your sections.
 CHAR
TS
• is a graphical representation of data using
symbols that are usually boxes, lines, and
arrows.
• its general purpose is to show ranks, levels,
procedures and classifications.
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 STRATEGIES IN READING CHARTS;
1. Study each step and grouping presented in the chart.
2. Pay attention to the arrows or lines that indicate the flow,
relationship, steps and sequence.
3. To ensure that you understand the chart, summarize each step or
component in your own words and make your own chart in your
mind.
4. Compare your mental chart to the description in the text to check
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how accurate you are.

 THE TWO COMMON
CHARTS ARE;
1. Organizational chart

2. Flow chart
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 WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL
● An organizational chart presents rankings, classification, and levels of ideas.
CHART?

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 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART;
1. Use varied shapes carefully. Rectangle are usually used for all
position.
2. Connect the boxes with solid lines direct reporting relationships
and dotted or dashed lines if indirect relationship.
3. You may design your chart creatively but avoid making it too
distracting or complicated
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 WHAT IS FLOW
CHART?
• A flow chart illustrates a process or direction of steps .

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 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING A
1. FLOW
Present only the capsule version ofCHART;
the whole process.
2. Limit the number of shapes to avoid confusion. Note that each shape has a
corresponding meaning. Some of the most basic shapes include:
● Rectangle - refer to an event which is part of the process; steps or action taken.
● Diamond - a decision point in the process; sometimes it requires a 'yes' or 'no' response
and will branch out the different parts of 'yes' or 'no' response
● Round box - represent an even which occurs automatically; used to denote the start
and the end of the whole process
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 STRATEGIES IN
PREPARING A FLOW
CHART;
3. Provide a legend when necessary.
4. Sequence the data from left to write or top to
bottom.
5. You can be creative in designing the flowchart
but do not make it too complicated and
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distracting.
 .
SESSION 3:
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 TABLE
● isSuseful in displaying numbers in columns. It condenses and
classifies information to make comparisons between and among
data and helps the readers grasp relationships that might be invisible
in prose.
● It contains at least two columns with headings on the sides and at
the top of the columns to indicate what the table represents. The
heading on the top is called a boxhead while the heading on the far
left column is called a stub.
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FORMAT:
TABLE

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 BOX HEAD

STUB
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 STRATEGIES IN READING
1. TABLES
Read the title of the table.
2. Check whether the information is updated or obsolete.
3. Check the source of the information.
4. Study the headings and their relationships.
5. Read the details with the headings in mind.
6. Compare and contrast the different columns.
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 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING A
1. TABLE
Informal or simple tables need to have table numbers and title since
they function as an extension of the text.
2. Formal tables, which contain complex data, should contain titles, table
numbers, and detailed headings. They included in list of illustrations
when your are doing research of action plan.
3. Use plenty of white space within and around the text.
4. Use concise and clear headings for all columns and rows.
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 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING A
5. TABLE
Assign a title and number to each formal table.
6. Use abbreviations and symbols when necessary. However,
special symbols and abbreviation must be clarified through
legend or footnotes.
7. Write the source of the table when necessary.
8. Use uppercase and lowercase instead of full caps.
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SESSION 4:
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 GRAPHS
●Is a graphical representation of data using
bars for bar graph, lines for line graph, circles
for pie graphs, and pictures for pictograph.
Each type of graph graph has a specific
function and purpose.
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 BAR
●GRAPH
Uses vertical and horizontal bars that compare amounts and
quantities.
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 STRATEGIES IN READING A BAR
GRAPH
1. Read the title, caption, and source note.
2. Determine the purpose of the graph.
3. Look at the dates mentioned, if there is any.
4. Identify what is being compared. Is it amount or quantity?
5. If the data changes over time, determine the time span and the
amount percentage.
6. If products, services, and other items re being compared look
carefully at their name
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 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING A BAR
GRAPH
1. Limit the number of bars. Too many bars may create confusion and complicate the
data.

2. Show the comparisons clearly.

3. Keep the bar widths consistent.

4. It is ideal to use spaces between bars. However, if comparisons are too close or too
many, spaces between bars may be deleted.

5. Arrange the bars according to its sequence (by year to show trends)or by ascending/
descending order (to show direct comparison).
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6.
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Use legends as much as possible
 LINE
● Shows trends and changes in data. Usually, the bottom grid scale
GRAPHS
represents time.
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 STRATEGIES IN READING A LINE
GRAPH
1. Read the title, caption, and source note.
2. Determine the purpose of the graph.
3. Read the horizontal axis.
4. Determine the kind of time intervals.
5. Read the vertical axis and identify what is being measured.
6. Trace the jagged line that connects each point and determine the
changes over time.
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 STRATEGIES IN
PREPARING LINE
1. GRAPHS
Plot the data very carefully.
2. Use the different line colors for line graphs using
multiple lines.
3. Make the chart lines thicker than the axis lines
4. Do not put the numbers on the line graph itself.
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 CIRCLE GRAPH OR PIE
GRAPH
• Uses pie-shaped sections, shows the relationship of the parts to the
whole in percentages and proportions.
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 STRATEGIES IN READING A CIRCLE
GRAPH
1. Read the title and the captions carefully.
2. Note the number and labels of pie sections of the
graph
3. Check if there is any "legend" section and study it.
4. Identify the shares, quantity, and percentage of each
section. Identify which sections have the smallest
and largest percentage.
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 STRATEGIES IN PREPARING A CIRCLE
GRAPH
1. Use no more than seven divisions
2. Move clockwise from 12:00. start with the largest wedge going to the smallest. However,
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"others" or miscellaneous items must be placed last no matter how large they cover.
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3. Use the pie graph for percentages and money especially when the items they represent are
divisible by 100.
4. Make the pie graph as simple as possible.
5. Label each component.
6. If you want to show a subdivision of a particular wedge in a circle graph, use a "pie within
a pie" technique.
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 THANK
YOU!
UNTA NAKA SABOT
MO :>
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 BAULITE, JESSA MAE
AMPOLOQUIO, MEKAILA
CALLORA, KIM XYRA
CORDERO, JERIC
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HUMMS 1 _- SEOUL