History of programming

languages
ENGLISH LANGUAGE II

Ivan Abramušić
Osijek, November,2022
STRUCTURE
• What is programming language?
• Early history
• Generations of programming languages
• First generation
• Second generation
• Third generation
• Fourth generation
• Fifth generation
• Conclusion
WHAT IS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

• A programming language is a vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for

instructing a computer or computing device to perform specific tasks
• Syntax (form) and semantics (meaning)
 EARLY HISTORY

• Babbage's Analytical Engine (1837.)

• First automatic mechanical digital computer
• Mill, store, reader and printer
• Ada Lovelace (first programmer)
GENERATIONS OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES

• First generation (machine language)

• Second generation (assembly language)
• Third generation (high-level languages)
• Fourth generation (very high-level languages)
• Fifth generation (artifical intelligence language)
FIRST GENERATION (1940.)
• Machine language
• Low-level programming language
• Consist of only 1's and 0's
• Fast and efficient
• Difficult for human to read and write
SECOND GENERATION (1950.)
• Assembly language
• Low-level programming language
• Easier to read and write
• Symbolic names
• An assembler
THIRD GENERATION (1964.)
• High-level language
• Closer to human
• Easy to write and read
• Compiler or interpreter
• Easy to maintain
• Representatives: PASCAL, FORTRAN
     BASIC, C, C++
FOURTH GENERATION (1972.)
• Very high-level language
• Reduce time, effort and cost
• Closer to natural language
• Highly portable 
• Enables users to access data in database
• Representatives: Python, Perl, SQL, NOMAD 
FIFTH GENERATION (1984.)
• Defining  certain constraints
• Without programmer
• Used in artificial intelligence research
• Representatives: Mercury, Prolog, OPS5
CONCLUSION

• Programming languages are getting closer and closer to humans

• Every generation is important
• Its easier to programm nowdays
THANKS FOR LISTENING!