INFORMATION

AND
THEORY CODING
Convolutional Encoding

PRESENTED BY:
SHAWON ISLAM
Why Encoding ?
Encoding is a technique of
conversion of binary data to
digital signal.

If we have binary data then

it will convert to digital signal
considering by the figure.
Where Encoding ?
Where Encoding ?
Information theory and coding if we just categorized this subject into some
parts one is information that means our target is to send information and
our target is to receive information. Theory that means to make it happens
smoothly. We have to apply theory that’s why information theory. Coding
because we have to optimize the system then we have to use encoding that’s
why this is information theory and coding.
Encoding technique basically applied into channel encoder part. This is
additional encoding which upgrade performance of a channel.
Channel coding is a time doc coding that can optimize the system that the
information how can we get the better development.
Why Convolutional Encoding?
The world now deals with big size of data. From a survey we know that
now a days ,80% of data was video (mp4). On internet the information
sizes will increases that’s why bit error rate may be high. If we would like to
reduce bit error rate. In this particular cases we would like to say Signal to
Noise ratio (SNR) was good.
Convolutional encoding facilitate this time doc phenomenon, where SNR
can be higher, bit error rate can be reduced.
A convolutional code is a type of error correcting code that generates parity
symbols via the sliding application of a Boolean, Polynomial function to data
stream.
 Encoder !
This is encoder shift register.

There has 3-stage of register

m is the input data bit. and

are the codewords.

=a ⊕ b ⊕ c

=a ⊕ c a b c
For every single input of data we get two

codeword so the code rate or data

rate:

This is the code rate of data where:

n=number of input k=output

Example !
A data m=101 appeared to a 3-stage shift register show the all states of
the encoder?
Sol: Given data, m=101
Initial state of encoder: When first bit 1 appeared:
0⊕0⊕0 1⊕0⊕0
=0⊕0 =1⊕0
=0 =1
0⊕0
0 0 0 =0 1⊕0
= 1
𝑢1= 0 𝑢2= 0
Example !
When second bit 0 appeared: When last bit 1 appeared:

Now we have assign reset 0’s to make encoder’s initial state:

Example !
Finally got the initial state of the encoder:

The output sequence: 11 10 00 10 11

ANY QUESTION?

THANK YOU