The science of Biology

Billion of years ago, the earliest life on Earth

were microorganism. Mammals , birds and
flowers originated 130-250 MYA and our
genius originated 2.5 MYA . Homo sapiens
are about 300,000 years old.

It’s the study of life. And so far life is restricted to planet Earth.
BIO means living , LOGY means study.

Anything which interact with its environment

use energy and reproduce are known as living
things.
 We have seven Characteristic of living things follow

These are :
 ORDER
Organisms are highly organized,
coordinated structures that consist of
one or more cells. Even very simple,
single-celled organisms are
remarkably complex: inside each cell,
atoms make up molecules; these in
turn make up cell organelles and
other cellular inclusions.
 Reproduction
Single-celled organisms reproduce by first
duplicating their DNA, and then dividing it
equally as the cell prepares to divide to form
two new cells. Multicellular organisms often
produce specialized reproductive germline cells
that will form new individuals. When
reproduction occurs, genes containing DNA are
passed along to an organism’s offspring. These
genes ensure that the offspring will belong to
the same species and will have similar
characteristics, such as size and shape.
 Growth and Development

Organisms grow and develop

following specific instructions coded
for by their genes. These genes
provide instructions that will direct
cellular growth and development,
ensuring that a species’ young will
grow up to exhibit many of the same
characteristics as its parents.
 Sensitivity or Response to Stimuli

Organisms respond to diverse

stimuli. For example, plants can bend
toward a source of light, climb on
fences and walls, or respond to
touch.Movement toward a stimulus is
considered a positive response, while
movement away from a stimulus is
considered a negative response.
 Regulation
Even the smallest organisms are complex and
require multiple regulatory mechanisms to
coordinate internal functions, respond to stimuli,
and cope with environmental stresses. Two
examples of internal functions regulated in an
organism are nutrient transport and blood flow.
Organs (groups of tissues working together)
perform specific functions, such as carrying oxygen
throughout the body, removing wastes, delivering
nutrients to every cell, and cooling the body.
 Energy Processing
All organisms use a source of
energy for their metabolic activities.
Some organisms capture energy from
the sun and convert it into chemical
energy in food (photosynthesis);
others use chemical energy in
molecules they take in as food
(cellular respiration).
 Homeostasis

In order to function properly, cells need to

have appropriate conditions such as proper
temperature, pH, and appropriate concentration
of diverse chemicals. These conditions may,
however, change from one moment to the next.
Organisms are able to maintain internal
conditions within a narrow range almost
constantly, despite environmental changes,
through homeostasis.
 The Science of Biology

Science is knowledge of general truths or operations of general

laws acquired by a systematic methods of observation and
experimentation.

Natural science include fields of science related to the

physical world and its phenomena and processes.
 The 3 main branches of
Natural Science

Study the
inanimate natural
objects and the
PHYSICAL SCIENCE laws that govern
them.
( chemistry ,physic
s, astronomy).
 The 3 main branches of
Natural Science

Fields of study
concern with the
Earth, its water and
EARTH SCIENCE air (geology,
hydrology,
astronomy , including
present features and
evolution.
 The 3 main branches of
Natural Science

Study organism
like plants,
animals,
LIFE SCIENCE humans( general
biology, botany,
ecology, genetics,
microbiology etc.)
Basic Applied
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
LET’S DO THE REVIEW!!!!
Ordinary table salt is sodium chloride.
What is baking soda?

Potassium chloride

Potassium carbonate

Potassium hydroxide

Sodium bicarbonate
 Ozone hole refers to

a.hole in ozone layer

b.decrease in the ozone layer in troposphere

c.decrease in thickness of ozone layer in stratosphere

d.increase in the thickness of ozone layer in troposphere

 Pine, fir, spruce, cedar, larch and cypress are the famous
timber-yielding plants of which several also occur widely in
the hilly regions of India. All these belong to:

angiosperms monocotyledons

gymnosperms dicotyledons
 Pollination is best defined as

transfer of pollen from anther to stigma growth of pollen tube in ovule

germination of pollen grains visiting flowers by insects

 Plants receive their nutrients mainly from

chlorophyll light

atmosphere soil
Answers : 1. D

2. C

3. B

4. A

5. D
Do this on your notebook.

1. Is it true that environment affects one personal growth?

2. How do you describe the biology as the science of life?

3. What is the significance of studying biology in relation to

your course study?