FIRE PREVENTION and

SAFETY

10th March 2018

 BASIC OF FIRE
What is FIRE?
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a
material in the exothermic
chemical process of combustion,
releasing heat, light, and various
reaction products.
FIRE TRIANGLE
FIRE TRIANGLE
 CLASSES OF FIRES
• Class A - fires involving solid materials
such as wood, paper or textiles.
• Class B - fires involving flammable liquids
such as petrol, diesel or oils.
• Class C - fires involving gases.
• Class D - fires involving metals.
• Class E - fires involving live electrical
apparatus.
• Class F – fires involving cooking oils, fats
TYPES OF EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

E
 DEFINITIONS
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION
- Or spontaneous ignition is a type of combustion
which occurs by self-heating (increase in
temperature due to exothermic internal reactions),
followed by thermal runaway (self heating which
rapidly accelerates to High temperatures) and
finally, auto ignition.
- the ignition of a substance or body from the rapid
oxidation of its own constituents without heat from
any external source.
 DEFINITIONS
FLASH POINT
-Is the lowest temperature at which a liquid can
form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface
of the liquid. The lower the flash point, the
easier it is to ignite the material.

PROPER MIXTURE
- Is a term used when the elements of fire are
proportionally mixed altogether.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
1. Put the phone
numbers of the
fire, police and
medical near the
phone
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
2. Eliminate fire
hazard through
good house
keeping. Dispose
waste paper,
rubbish and
flammable
materials regularly
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
3. Keep
matches, fire
starter out of
children’s
reach.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
4. Oil, Gas Lambs
and Candles should
be place away from
curtain. Do not put
them where the
wind, children or
pets can topple
them. Put out
flames before
going bed.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
5. Do not keep
flammable
materials like
gasoline, alcohol,
paint inside the
house
 FIRE SAFETY TIPS
6. Regularly check
your electrical
installation, and
have all frayed
wiring and
electrical fixtures
change or repaired
by licensed
electrician.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
7. Do not overload
electrical circuit s
by putting
additional lights
and appliances
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
8. Never leave a lit
cigarette/
cigar/pipe
unattended- it may
fall on flammable
materials which
could start a fire
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
9. Regularly check
your LPG tank,
hose and valve
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
10. Never fill a pan
more than 1/3 full
of fat or oil
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
11. Never leave
the pan
unattended while
cooking or frying
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
12. If the pan catch
fire, turn off the
main valve and
cover the pan with
damp cloth or
towel, and leave it
cool atleast 30
minutes – Never
throw water onto
the fire
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
13. If you are
doubt about
whether to try to
put out a pan fire
yourself, close the
door and call Fire
Department.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
14. Have a Family
Emergency Plan
 Step to create a household plan
include the following:
1. Meet with your family members and discuss the dangers of
possible emergency events.
- discuss how you and your family respond to each
possible emergency
- discuss what to in power outages or personal
injuries
- teach the adult how to turn off the water, gas and
electricity at main switch.
2. Draw a floor plan of your home. If possible,
mark two(2) escape routes from each room.
3. Select place to meet.
4. Install safety features in your home
5. Have your family learn basic safety and
first aid measures
 IN CASE OF
EMERGENCY
  Call
160
Or
911
“Ligtas Pilipinas ang ating hangad,
pag-iingat sa sunog sa sarili ipatupad”
 COMMON CAUSES OF
HOUSEHOLD FIRE

• CANDLES ARE
LEFT UNATTENDED

• SMOKING AND
CIGARRETTE BUTT
 COMMON CAUSES OF
HOUSEHOLD FIRE

• ELECTRICAL
OCTOPUS
CONNECTION

• ILLEGAL ELECTRICAL
WIRE TAPPING
 COMMON CAUSES OF
HOUSEHOLD FIRE

• KITCHEN MISTAKES

• SPONTANEOUS
COMBUSTION DUE
TO POOR HOUSEKEEP
 COMMON CAUSES OF
HOUSEHOLD FIRE

• MISHANDLING OF
MATCHES &
LIGHTERS

• LPG LEAK
 HOW CAN WE PREVENT FIRE and
EXPLOSION?
Faulty Wiring and Outlets Are One of the Top
Causes of House Fires
•Check the electrical cords throughout your
home for signs of fraying, and replace all frayed
wires.
•Do not pinch or cover electrical cords with
items such as rugs.
•Be aware of the capacity of your home's
electrical system. Do not overload your circuits.
 HOW CAN WE PREVENT FIRE and
EXPLOSION?
Carelessness in the Kitchen May Also Lead to a
House Fire
•Never leave your pots or pans unattended on
your stove.
•Keep a kitchen fire extinguisher readily
available and know how to use it.
•Keep your stove and oven clean. Built up food
splatter or grease can later ignite when the
stove or oven is turned on for cooking.
 HOW CAN WE PREVENT FIRE and
EXPLOSION?
• Smoking Inside the House is the Leading Cause
of Fire-related Deaths. Here's How to Protect
Yourself
• Never smoke in bedrooms.
• Use deep, wide ashtrays on a sturdy table.
• Before you throw out butts and ashes, make sure
they are out. Dousing in water or sand is the best
way to ensure embers are out.
• Check under furniture and cushions for stray
cigarette butts that may have fallen out of sight.
 Household LPG Safety
ALWAYS:
•Ensure work on fixed LPG installations
whether new or being modified is carried out
by a licensed or authorised gasfitter
•Keep LPG appliances and fittings in first class
condition via regular servicing, checking
regularly for deterioration in performance,
signs of corrosion and minor leaks.
 Household LPG Safety
NEVER:
•Tamper with the safety valve or other
cylinder fittings.
•Use undue force to open or close the main
cylinder valve. If in doubt, consult a licensed
gasfitter.
INITIAL ACTIONS IN CASE OF FIRE
1. Close the door of the premises or area
where the fire is located so as to contain it.
2. Warn people nearby to immediately
evacuate the area.
3. Set off the fire alarm or call reception
DO NOT attempt to put out the fire
DO NOT attempt to salvage equipment or
objects – you are putting yourself at risk
• If you are the last to leave the premises, close the
doors to contain the fire but do not lock them.
• Use the nearest stairs and exit, as long as it is free from
smoke; otherwise, seek another evacuation route.
• Follow the instructions given over the PA system.
• Do NOT use the elevators.
• If there is smoke, crawl out of the building.
• Do NOT stop at or near the exit. Leave the way free for
other people evacuating the building.
• Go directly to the assembly point.
• Do NOT reenter the evacuated building under any
circumstances until you receive specific instructions to
do so from the building’s management.
 FIRE SAFETY
EQUIPMENTS
 FIRE HOSES AND NOZZLES
Is a high-pressure hose that carries water or other fire retardant
(such as foam) to a fire to extinguish it. Outdoors, it attaches
either to a fire engine or a fire hydrant. Indoors, it can
permanently attach to a building's standpipe or plumbing system.
 FIRE HYDRANT
is a connection point by which firefighters can tap into a
water supply. It is a component of active fire protection.
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small
fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for use on an out-
of-control fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers
the user (i.e., no escape route, smoke, explosion hazard, etc.), or
otherwise requires the expertise of a fire brigade.
• Consider having one or more working fire
extinguishers in your home.
• Install extinguishers high on the wall, near an
exit, and away from heat sources.
• If you try to use a fire extinguisher on a fire
and the fire does not immediately die down,
drop the extinguisher and get out.
 SMOKE DETECTOR
Is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.
Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel
as part of a fire alarm system, while household smoke detectors, also
known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or visual alarm
from the detector itself.
• To prevent nuisance alarms, vacuum cobwebs
and dust from your smoke alarms monthly.
• If you have battery-powered smoke alarms,
replace the batteries at least once a year.
• Be sure to install smoke alarms in areas where
pets are and in other buildings that house
animals where humans can hear them.
ACTIONS IN CASE OF
ACCIDENT/RESCUE
 FIRST AID FOR BURN INJURIES
• For all burns apply cold running (tap) water for at
least 20 minutes
• If running water not available, wet 2 cloths and
alternate them onto the burn every 2 minutes
• Keep the rest of the body warm
• Do NOT use ice, butter, creams, etc.
• Remove clothing and jewellery as they can hold
heat on the burn and jewellery can stop blood flow
to the burn.
ABC Rule
ACTIONS IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE
• STAY CALM!
• If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the
center of the building, stand in a doorway, or
crawl under heavy furniture (a desk or table).
Stay away from windows and outside doors.
• If you're outdoors, stay in the open away
from power lines or anything that might fall.
• Don't use elevators.