C APT.

LAVA
3

Fr e s h
a
Fr e s h n
P O L L
WA T e r U T IO
FRESH WATER

ABOUT 97.4% found in

the ocean is
saltwater

remaining 2.6%
water is freshwater
FRESH WATER

Water is solvent.
In nature, water is

“Never c omp le t e l y
pure”
WATER
RESOURCES
PROBLEMS
• Too much water
• river’s discharge cannot be contained

• Too little water

 Arid lands – lack of precipitation
 Semiarid lands- are subject to
frequent and prolonged droughts

• Poor quality water

• change of domestic and industrial effluent
wastes, leakage from water tanks, marine
dumping, radioactive waste and atmospheric
deposition
FRESH WATER
POLLUTION
The World Health Organization (WHO)
says that polluted water is a water
whose composition has changed to
the extent that it is unusable.
TYPES OF
WATER
POLLUTION
S
CHEMICAL
POLLUTION
-Ch e m ic a l contaminants are elements or
com p ou n d.
- Naturally occurring or man-made

E x a m p l e s of c h e m i c a l c o n t a m i n a n t s

n i tro g e n
bleach
salts
p e s ti cid e s
me ta l s
t o x i n s p r o d u c e d b y ba cteria
a n d h u m a n or a n i m a l drugs.
GROUNDWATE
ROccurs w h e n
man-made
products get m e
into the
groundwater a n d
cause it to
b e c o m e unsafe
a n d unfit for
h u m a n use.
 MICROBIOLOGICA
L POLLUTION
-Organ isms in water.

- M i c r o b e s or m i c r o b i o l o g i c a l c o n t a m i n a n t s .

E x a m p l e s of b i o l o g i c a l o r m i c r o b i a l c o n t a m i n a n t s include
ba cteria, viruses, p r o t o z o a , a n d parasites.
 NUTRIENTS
-too mPOLLUTION
a n y nutrients, mainly nitrogen a n d
phosphorus are a d d e d to bodies of water a n d can
act like fertilizer, causing excessive g r o w t h of
algae.
-also the process is k n o w n an
eutrophication.
 OXYGEN-
POLLUTION
DEPLETION
- there's a decrease in concentration of
dissolved oxygen in a waterbody
do w ns tre am

-caused by the uptake of oxygen by

bacteria, fungi a n d invertebrates as they
break d o w n the pollutants by aerobic
decomp osition also k n o w n as oxygen sag.
 SURFACE
POLLUTION
WATER
- contaminants w h o primarily i m p a c t the
physical appearance or other physical
properties of water.
HOW
POLLUTANT
IMPACTS
WATER
QUALITY AND
FRESHWATE
R SPECIES
-It make freshwater cloudy and
degrade water quality

-It c a n sm oth er the habitats of

freshwater species

- Alga l b l o o m s shows u p a coloured

s c u m o n the water surface.

-Pathogens

-Heavy metals
SO U R C ES
OF
WATER
PO LLU TIO N
-from drains or sewer
- wastes of infected individuals
-erosion of agricultural lands, forest soils exposed
by logging, degrade stream banks, overgrazed
rangelands, strip mines, construction.
- h u m a n and animal wastes
- landfills, agricultural run offs
-in d ustries , m in es, irrigation
-nuclear powerplants, scientific research facilities
EFFEC TS
OF
WATER
PO LLU TIO N
DESTRUCTION OF BIODIVERSITY
-depletes aquatic ecosystems and triggers
unbridled proliferation of phytoplankton

CONTAMINATION OF THE FOOD CHAIN

-use of waste water for livestock farming and
agriculture can introduce toxins into foods
LACK OF PORTABLE WATER
-billion of people no access to clean water
to drink or sanitation, particularly in rural
areas.

DISEASES
- exposing t h e m to disease such as cholera,
hepatitis A and dysentery.

INFANT MORTALITY
-diarheal diseases linked to lack of
hygiene that causes death
WATER
MANAGEME
NT
SUSTAINABLE WATER
USE
-means careful
h u m a n use of
water resources.
-Economic
policies in
managing water
sustainably.
-Raising the price
of water
Water supplies are obtained by the
following:

-building d a m s
-diverting watere
-desalinization

Conservation of water includes:

-reusing water
-recycling water
-improving water-use efficiency
WATER
SUPPLIES
DAMS AND RESERVOIRS

Dams generate
electricity and
ensure a year-
round supply of
water for
populations.
WATER
CONSERVATIO
N
REDUCE AGRICULTURAL WATER
WASTE
-irrigation
--micro-irrigation, also called drip or trickle
irrigation
REDUCE MUNICIPAL WATER
WASTE
-Recycle or reuse water.

-providing consumer education.

-Increasing the price of water

REDUCE INDUSTRY WATER
WASTE
-electric power generators and man y industrial
processes

-recapture, purify, and reuse water

 1ST GROU
P
Amdengan, Lum awig
Arnaez, Ra y m un d
James Banasan, Trisha
Mae Banting, Francis
Janry Bayatan, Jorenz
Chris Cachuela,
Rechille Mae Canam,
Christine
Lang-ay, David
Manuel, Glydel Elissa
Pablo, Janrhey
Kerby Palsiw,
Catherine
Th an k Yo u
Vallesteros,
!
Aluin Ron