MODULE 1

NATURE, FUNCTIONS,
ELEMENTS and
PROCESS of
COMMUNICATION
NATURES of Communication
ORAL COMMUNICATION is…
1. A process that involves a message, sender, receiver
and channel.
2. verbal communication that uses words to share
information with others.
3. symbolic which could be enhanced through the use of
nonverbal cues involving facial expression, gestures,
body language, volume, tone, and pitch of the
speaker’s voice.
4. involves the flow of information from a sender to the
receiver.
5. could be one-way or maybe two-way process.
FUNCTIONS of
COMMUNICATION
- Refer to how humans use language for different
purposes.
1. CONTROL- Communication functions to control
behaviour.
2. SOCIAL INTERACTION-Communication allows
individuals to interact with each other.
3. MOTIVATION- Communication motivates or
encourages people to live better.
4. EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION- Communication
facilitates people’s expression of their feelings and
emotions.
5. INFORMATION DISSEMINATION-
Communication functions to convey information.
 ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATON

1. CONTEXT- environment of communication

in which the interaction happens or takes
place.
- The prime element of every communication
process
EXAMPLE:among senders and receivers.
You may feel comfortable sharing your personal information with close
friends rather than colleagues, and you will not speak to a stranger as
you talk to your wife.
2. SPEAKER/SENDER- the source of
information.
3. MESSAGE- the information, ideas, or
thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or
action.
4. RECEIVER- the recipient of the message, or
someone who decodes the message.
5. CHANNEL (medium)- means by which
message is sent.
6. FEEDBACK- the response of the receiver
7. NOISE- is any barrier to communication.
8. ENCODING- the process of turning thoughts
into communication.
9. DECODING- means translating the encoded
message.
 PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION
 MODULE 2

MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
• A one –way communication and a speaker-
centered model.
• This model is used to develop public
speaking and create a propaganda.
• There is NO concept of FEEDBACK.
WILBUR SCHRAMM’s Model
• Communication only happens if there is commonalities or an
overlap between the Field of Experience of the speaker and the
receiver.
• Both the sender and receiver take turns being the encoder and
decoder in the entire communication.
 EUGENE WHITE’S MODEL
• Communication is circular and continuous, without beginning
or end.