English VI

Lic. Jesús Vega Luna MDE. MIE.

Asistencia 30%
Ejercicios 70%
 What are complaints? (quejas)

 Complaints are expressions of "displeasure or annoyance" in response to an action that is seen

by the speaker as unfavorable.

Examples:

 I have a complaint to make. Your pizza is just too salty.

 I want to complain about the noise you are making.

 Modal Verbs

Can & Could

 Can and Could are modal verbs used to make requests. Here is the structure:

 Can/Could + Subject + Verb

 Examples:

Can you pass the salt please?

Could you bring your book tomorrow?

 Can and Could are used differently. Can is less polite than Could.
 Can is used to make basic requests from a friend or co-worker. It is often used for small
things.

Can you pass the juice?

Can you turn off the air conditioner?

 Could is more polite than can, but has the same function:

Could you pass the juice please?

Could you help me with my homework Mr. Johnston?
 Afirmativa e Negativa
Negativa
interrogativa corta

Presente can cannot can't

Pasado could could not couldn't

Can es utilizado en presente y Could se utiliza pare el pasado.

EJERCICIO 1

Responder utilizando  can o can’t segun corresponda.

1. I’m sorry, I___________  take you to the airport in the morning because I’ve got a business
meeting at 9 o’clock.
2. I think I______________pass my driving test before my 50th birthday.
3. One day in the future I think we_______________  live on the moon.
4. If we left now, we ____________ before the shops close.
5. I’m not working this weekend so we______________  go cycling on Sunday.
6. I _________________  meet you for coffee at 11, but I’ll only have fifteen minutes.
7. I’ll do the washing and the ironing, but I ______________do the shopping.
8. If we worked together, we ________________ finish it before the film starts.
9. She was bad after the accident, but I think she ______________ go back to work next week.
10. It’s not possible yet, but I think computers ____________ do the housework for us in a few
years.
EJERCICIO 2

Responde could o couldn’t segun corresponda.

1. I ___________play the piano when I was four.

2. They ____________to get to the top of Mt. Kilimanjaro, but it took them six days.
3. Eventually Luis _____________convince me that there’s no future in teaching English.
4. Mark wanted to see the final of the European Cup, but he _______________get tickets.
5. Henry was so advanced for his age that he ____________burn music CD’s when he was 8 months old.
6. Val and John were amazed that they ___________to drive over the Pyrenees in such an old car.
7. I spoke to her for more than an hour, bought her a drink, and finally _______________get her phone
number.
8. Carlos ___________speak English when he was six years old. His parents are from Liverpool.
9. Cathy grew up near the beach in South Africa. She _____________swim, sail and dive when she was
very young.
10. Danny lost his job at the clock factory because he _____________get up on time in the mornings.
 INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
 What are Gerunds? (verbo en presente con terminacion –ing)
 A gerund is a verb in its ing (present participle) form that functions as a noun that names
an activity rather than a person or thing. Any action verb can be made into a gerund.

 Verbing (Present Participle)

 Reglamentacion:
Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barking
For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex: slide > sliding, ride > riding
For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tying
 What are Infinitives?

 An infinitive is a verb form that acts as other parts of speech in a sentence.

 It is formed with
to + base form of the verb.
Ex: to buy, to work.

Do you want to call your family now?

 The time expressions after, before and when are used to
indicate when something happens in the past, present or
future.

 When is a wh- word. We use when to ask questions, as a conjunction and to introduce
relative clauses.

When will you know the result of the exam ?

Nobody spoke when she came into the room.

 Main uses of BEFORE (earlier than antes de) and AFTER (later than mas tarde):

• As a preposition:

 after lunch (antes del almuerzo)

 before dinner (despues de cenar)
 After thanking them I left.
 Before going to France, you should read the guide book.

• As conjunctions:
 After he told me the story, he left my house.
 Before we start dinner, I would like to say something.
PREPOSICIONES DE TIEMPO: IN, ON, AT.

IN
• Con partes del día: In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
• Con meses: In January, in February……
• Con las estaciones del año: In winter, in spring….
• Con años: In 1987 • Con siglos: In the 18th century

ON
• Con los días de la semana: On Monday, on Tuesday…..
• Con fechas: On 2 nd of May
• Con días y partes del día: On Wednesday afternoon. • On holidays.

AT
• Con las horas: At 7 o’clock
• Con dias especificos: At Christmas, at Easter
• At night • At the weekend • At the beginning, at the end.
EJERCICIO 3

Completa las siguientes oraciones con IN; ON; AT

1. We watch TV ---------the evening.

2. I only see my parents -------- Christmas.
3. I get up -------- 8 o’clock and go to bed --------- midnight.
4. I finish work early --------- Friday.
5. We go to Paris --------- autumn.
6. ------- the morning she goes to work by bus.
7. -------- Sundays there are two flights from London to Madrid. They are ------- 7.45 ------- the
morning and -------- 20.30 ------ the evening.
8. What do you do -------- the weekends?
9. My grandfather was born -------- the 19th century.
Conditional sentences

 There are three types of conditional sentences.

 type condition

I condition possible to fulfill (hablamos de cosas que se cumplen)

II condition in theory possible to fulfill (cosas que posiblemente cumplamos)
III condition not possible to fulfill (cosas que no cumplimos)
1. Form
 type if-clause main clause
 1 Simple Present will-future or (Modal + infinitive)
 2 Simple Past would + infinitive *
 3 Past Perfect would + have + past participle *
2. Examples (if-clause at the beginning)
type if clause main clause
 1 If I study, I will pass the exam.
 2 If I studied, I would pass the exam.
 3 If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
3. Examples (if-clause at the end)
type main clause if-clause
 1 I will pass the exam if I study.
 2 I would pass the exam if I studied.
 3 I would have passed the exam if I had studied.
CONDICIONALES DE TIPO 1:

PROBABLES Hay un 100 % de posibilidades de que la condición se cumpla si se cumple una

de las partes de la condición: IF + PRESENTE / FUTURO

Ejemplo: If you phone me I will go to the cinema.

(La parte del IF puede ir al principio o al final, pero siempre seguido de presente si se trata de
una condicional de tipo 1)
CONDICIONALES DE TIPO 2: IMPROBABLES Las
posibilidades de que se cumpla la condición se reducen a un
50%. IF + PASADO SIMPLE / WOULD + INFINITIVO
COULD + INFINITIVO If I know your address I would visit
you I had money I could travel all over the world.
CONDICIONALES TIPO 3: IMPOSIBLES No existe ninguna
posibilidad de que se cumpla la condición, la situación ha
tenido lugar en el pasado y no hay posibilidad de cambiar el
pasado. IF + PAST PERFECT / WOULD HAVE + PAST
PARTICIPLE If you had studied more you would have passed
the exam
A) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses:

1. If you pass your examination we (have)--------------a

celebration. 2. You would play better bridge if you (not
talk)------------- so much. 3. What (happen)-------------- if I press
this button? 4. If you (wear)--------------------- a false beard
nobody would have recognized you. 5. If you go to Paris where
(you / stay)------------------------? 6. If the milkman (come)
-------------------- tell him to leave two pints. 7. Someone (sit)
------------------------on your glasses if you leave them there. 8. If
you (read)--------------------- the instructions carefully you
wouldn’t have answered the wrong question. 9. If you shake
that bottle of port it ( not be)-------------------fit to drink. 10. If I
had known that you couldn’t eat octopus I (not
buy)-----------------------it. 11. What (I / do)-------------------if I
hear the burglar alarm? 12. I (bring)----------------------you some
beer if I had known that you were thirsty