OPENING PRAYER

Dear God,
We thank you for the
wonders of your creation,
from the big boulders of
rock up to the tiny moving
particles of all living
things.
May we your people,
see the significance of
this, may it be big or
small.
We ask this through
Christ our Lord through
the intercession of Mary
our mother … Amen
ELECTRIC CURRENT
The rate of flow of electrical
charges (electricity).
the direction of flow is from the
positive terminal of the battery
to the negative terminal.
I - symbol for current
Unit: coulomb per second (C/s)
or ampere (A)
Andre-Marie Ampere
Ammeter – measures electric
current.
The positive terminal of an
ammeter is connected to the
positive terminal of the energy
source while the negative
terminal is connected to the
negative terminal of the energy
source.
Voltage/Electromotive Force (emf)
Electric pressure that causes
current to flow or move
Unit: joule per coulomb (J/C) or
volt (V)
Alessandro Volta
Voltmeter – measures voltage.
The positive terminal of a
voltmeter is connected to the
positive terminal of the load
while the negative terminal is
connected to the negative
terminal of the load.
Voltage and Current Relationship

Voltage is directly
proportional to the current
as the voltage increases,
the current also increases.
RESISTANCE
 Resistance

 The opposition a material offers

to current
 R – symbol of resistance
 Unit: ohm (Ω)
 Georg Simon Ohm
Resistance and Current
Relationship

Resistance is inversely
proportional to the current
as the resistance increases,
the current also decreases.
 Ohm’s Law
The current flowing through a
circuit is directly proportional
to the voltage and inversely
proportional to the resistance
of the circuit.
 Formula

Where:
I – current
V – Voltage
R - resistance
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
 Direction
• Complete the concept map by
supplying the missing
information.
 Current Voltage

Symbol: Symbol:

Unit: Unit:

Abbreviation: Abbreviation:

Physicist: Physicist:
 Resistance Ohm’s Law

Symbol:

Formula:
Unit:

Abbreviation:

Physicist:
 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
 Is a path which electrons from
a voltage or current source
flow
 FOUR PARTS of the CIRCUIT
ENERGY SOURCE
- provides the “push” that makes current
move around a circuit.
LOAD
- converts electrical energy to another
form
WIRES
- connect the energy source and load.
SWITCH
- opens and closes the circuit
SIMPLE CIRCUIT
Complete Circuit
 Series Circuit
A circuit where the loads
are connected one after
another which gives the
electric charges a single
path to flow/pass.
Series Circuit
 Rules for resistances in series circuit
1) The current in all parts of the circuit is the
same.
It = I1 = I2 = I3....
2) The total voltage is equal to the sum of all the
separate drops of potential in the circuit. This
is equal to the applied emf.
Vt = V1 + V2 + V3....
3) Increases with increasing load
Rt = R1 + R2 + R3...
 Parallel Circuit
A circuit where the loads
are connected to form
branches, each of which
provides a separate path for
current.
Parallel Circuit
Parallel
Rules for resistances in parallel circuit
1. The total current in parallel circuit is equal to the sum
of the current in each branch.
It = I1 + I2 + I3 ....
2. The voltage across all the branches in a parallel
circuit is the same in each branch.
Vt = V1 = V2 = V3....
3. Decreases with increasing load
Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3...
Assignment
Look at the connections of
wirings in your house. Which are
connected in series? Which are
connected in parallel? What are
the advantages and disadvantages
of each type of connection?
Safety in Using Electricity
A short circuit happens when the
circuit offers little or no
resistance to the flow of charges.
This results in a large amount of
current in the circuit. When the
current in the circuit exceeds the
wire’s current rating, overload of
the circuit occurs.