Meet

The Group
ALESSA ANGELIE
DELA CRUZ CODASTE

APRIL
TECSON
CARL
JABONERO CHRISTAIN CHRISS JAMES
VERULA PACALAMAN TABANAO
JAYVI
BANGGA SHAIRA
ARMENIA
 HEALTH
THREATHS
Presented by GROUP 2
 1.FAMILY HISTORY OF HEREDITARY
CONDITION
2. THREAT OF CROSS
5.FAULTY NUTRITIONAL INFECTION FROM A
HABITS OR FEEDING COMMUNICABLE
PRACTICES DISASE CASE

TS
6. STRESS-PROVOKIN

EN
FACTORS 3. FAMILY SIZE BEYOND
WHAT FAMILY RESOURCES

NT
CAN ADEQUATELY
PROVIDE

CO
7. POOR HOME
CONDITION

4. ACCIDENTAL
HAZARDS
 FAMILY HEALTH HEREDITARY
CONDITION
• A family health history is a record of health information about a person and his or her close
relatives. A complete record includes information from three generations of relatives,
including children, brothers and sisters, parents, aunts and uncles, nieces and nephews,
grandparents, and cousins.
• Families have similar genetic backgrounds, and often similar environments and lifestyles.
Together, these factors can give clues to conditions that may run in a family. 
• While a family health history provides information about the risk of specific health
concerns, having relatives with a condition does not mean that an individual will definitely
develop that condition. On the other hand, a person with no family history of a disorder may
still be at risk of developing the disorder.
 FAMILY THAT RUN IN THE FAMILY, INHERITANCE PATTERNS
INCLUDE:
• Alzheimer's disease- It is a progressive disease beginning with mild memory loss and possibly leading to loss of the
ability to carry on a conversation and respond to the environment. It can seriously affect a person’s ability to carry out
daily activities.
• Arthritis- Arthritis means inflammation or swelling of one or more joints. It describes more than 100 conditions that
affect the joints, tissues around the joint, and other connective tissues. Specific symptoms vary depending on the type of
arthritis, but usually include joint pain and stiffness.
• Cancer- Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells
grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and/or spread to other
organs.
• Dementia- Dementia is not a specific disease but is rather a general term for the impaired ability to remember, think, or
make decisions that interferes with doing everyday activities. 
• Diabetes- Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy.
• High blood pressure- Blood pressure is the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Arteries carry
blood from your heart to other parts of your body.

• These diseases are influenced by both genes and a number of other factors, such as your environment, lifestyle and diet.
 1.FAMILY HISTORY OF HEREDITARY CONDITION

FAMILY HISTORY OF HEREDITARY  CONDITIONS-  A family health history is a record of health information about a person and his
or her close relatives. 

FAMILY -  is an open and evolving system of interacting personalities with a process and structure that are enacted through relationships
among the many members, controlled by resources and stressors, and living within the greater community.

FIRST LEVEL ASSESSMENT

1.Data about the current health status of individual members.
2.Define the health condition/problems (categorize as: wellness state, health deficits, health threats, foreseeable crisis or stress points

 
Presence of Health Threats: 
-Conditions that are conducive to disease and accident, or may result to failure to maintain wellness or realize health potential. 
•Examples for this are the following: 
 H THR EATS:
C E OF HEALT
PRESEN

c i f ic d i s ea s es ( e.g .
f ri s k f ac tor s o f s p e
P r es enc e o
o li c s y n d r o m e)
1 lifestyle dis e a s e s , m e t ab
o m m u n ic a b l e
c r o ss i n f e c tion from c
Threat of
2 disease case an
f am ily re s ou rc es c
s iz e b e y o n d w h at
Fa mi ly
3 adeq u at e ly pr o vi d e

4 Accident hazards
al /ea ti n g h ab i t s o r
t h f u l n ut r iti o n
Faulty/unheal ues/practices.
5 fe ed ing t echn i q
 R EATH S
LTH T H
OF H E A
E S EN C E
PR
v ok i ng Fa ct o rs .
6 Stress Pro
i t i o n / Sa n it a ti o n.  
v i r o n m e n t a l C o n d
P o or H o m e / E n
7
n g a n d P r e p a r a ti o n
y F o o d H a nd l i
Unsanitar
8
s t y le a n d P e r s o n al
Unh e al t hy L if e
9 Hab i ts /P ra c ti c e s .

c t er i s tic s - e . g . p o o r
o n a l C h a r a
Inherent Pers
10 impulse control
 ea l th Thr e at s :
Presenc e o f H

u rr en c e o f H e alth
c i pa te / In d u c e t h e Occ
r y , w h ic h m a y P a rti
Health Hist o l a b or.
h is to r y o f d i ff ic u lt
11 Defici t, e .g . p r ev io u s
e r ’s r o l e, fa th er n ot
c h ild a s s u m i ng m ot h
o l e A s s u m p ti o n - e.g.
Inappropriate R
12 assuming his role.
n g a n d P r e p a r at i o n
n i ta r y F o o d H a nd l i
Un s a
13 t a t us
a te Im m u n i z at i o n S
iz a t io n / I n a de q u
Lack of Immun
l y o f C h i l d r e n
14 Spec ia l

15 Family Disunity
 What is a cross infection?

A cross infection is the transfer of harmful microorganisms, usually bacteria and

viruses. The spread of infections can occur between people, pieces of equipment,
or within the body.

Types of cross infection The symptoms of a cross infection depend on the source of
the infection. And also the part of the body that is infected. One of the first
symptoms of a cross infection is a fever. This is the body’s first course of action to
help get rid of an infection.

Many different types of infections can occur. Some examples include:

• A urinary tract infection (UTI) from an infection caused by a catheter
• A surgical wound infection that may cause redness, swelling, and pus
• An infection related to the presence of a peripheral or central venous access line
 Causes of cross infection Cross infection can be caused by:
• Bacteria
• fungi
• parasites
• Viruses
These microorganisms can be transmitted by:
unsterilized medical equipment
• coughing and sneezing
• human contact
• touching contaminated objects
• dirty bedding *
• prolonged use of catheters, tubes, or intravenous lines Media coverage
has raised concerns over cross infection in hospitals by “superbugs” like
Mycobacterium abscessus.
But infections can be spread in any setting, including:
• schools
• banks
• stores
• government buildings
• homes
 The risk for infection is greater when undergoing a medical procedure. But
cross infection can happen within the body. An infection in one part of the
body can spread to another, like a respiratory infection spreading to the ears or
eyes. Treating cross infection Treating a cross infection depends on the
condition. Antibiotics are used for bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections,
but not for most viral infections. Over time, bacteria can adapt and become
resistant to medications. This leads to the evolution of “superbugs.” These are
strains of bacteria immune to multiple antibiotics. This can make them more
difficult to kill, and can increase complications. Prescription anti-viral drugs
are used to treat specific types of viruses. Anti-fungal medications in topical or
oral form can be used to treat fungal infections. And parasites transferred
through cross infection may be treated with antibiotics and dietary changes.
 Cross infection complications Untreated infections can lead to:
• diarrhea
• sepsis
• pneumonia
• meningitis
• dehydration
• multisystem organ failure that could include the lungs, heart, liver, and
kidneys
• death
The risk for life-threatening complications during medical procedures increases
when cross infection is present. It’s important to call your doctor immediately
if you notice symptoms of infection. The earlier an infection is identified, the
easier it is to treat. Preventing cross infection Cross infection is best treated at
the source. Medical professionals follow special procedures to help prevent
infections. Aseptic technique is a common process used to sterilize equipment
so harmful microorganisms can’t spread from patient to patient. Hospitals and
other healthcare settings all have procedures to prevent infection. Before
undergoing a procedure, you can check the facility in advance and ask about
preventative measures.
 A L H A Z A R D S
ACC IDENT

1. Broken chairs

poisons and medicines

objects,
Pointed/ sharp
2. improperly kept

3. Fire hazards

4. Others specify
 
 FAMILY SIZE
Definition: This refers to the total number of people in a family. The family size is important
because it has an effect on the activities of the family as a whole.  

Type of Family Size

There are two types of family size, they are:
1.Large Family Size
2.Small Family Size
Large Family Size
•This is a situation where members of the family are large in number. It is associated with the
extended family system which consists of the husband, his wife or wives, grandparents, uncles,
aunts, cousins, nephews, nieces etc.
 FAULTY NUTRIONAL HABIT

• Poor eating habits include under- or over-eating, not having enough of the healthy foods we
need each day, or consuming too many types of food and drink, which are low in fiber or high
in fat, salt and/or sugar.

• These unhealthy eating habits can affect our nutrient intake, including energy , protein,
carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals as well as fibre and fluid.
 FAULTY NUTRIONAL HABIT
    How Does Poor Nutrition Affect Us?
• Poor nutrition can impair our daily health and wellbeing and reduce our ability to lead an enjoyable and active life.
• In the short term, poor nutrition can contribute to stress, tiredness and our capacity to work, and over time, it can
contribute to the risk of developing some illnesses and other health problems such as:
1. being overweight or obese
2. tooth decay
3. high blood pressure
4. high cholesterol
5. heart disease and stroke
6. type-2 diabetes
7. osteoporosis
8. some cancers
9. Depression
10. eating disorders.
 FAULTY NUTRIONAL HABIT
    Steps to Good Nutrition - It’s Easier Than You Think

  A good place to start is to:

• Have a good variety of healthy foods from the five food groups each day. For more information see the Healthy
eating for different ages and stages and Healthy Eating tips sections

• Aim for two serves of fruit and five serves of vegetables each day

• Only occasionally eat sugary, fatty or salty food, and then only in small amounts
• drink fresh, clean tap water instead of sugary drinks

• Switch over to healthy recipes that look and taste good

• Plan your meals ahead and shop for healthy ingredients

• Enjoy cooking and eating healthy food with family or friends and without distractions such as the television.
 FAMILY SIZE
Advantages of Large Family Size:
1.It has a large number of members.
2.They can produce a higher number of professionals if they are well trained and dedicated.
3.Wider than the nuclear family.
4.More hands are available to perform work or tasks.
Consequences of Large Family Size on the Quality of Individual Lives:
5.It is expensive to manage in terms of feeding, clothing, shelters, etc.
6.It could lead to poverty when there are too many people to cater to.
7.It can lead to a high level of illiteracy if there are insufficient funds to educate every child.
8.It leads to lower standard of living.
9.The probability of conflicts and disagreements are higher in a large family with lots of members
compared to one with a small number of members.
 FAMILY SIZE
Consequence of Large Family Size on the National Economy:
1.It promotes overpopulation.
2.It encourages societal ills such as drug peddling, corruption, and crime. Members of a large
family size may participate in such activities to provide for themselves.
3.It could lead to child abuse and neglect, such as hawking and dropping out of school.
4.It could lead to a decline in moral standards if children are not adequately supervised and
disciplined.
5.Government spending on social amenities will increase.
 G FA C TO R S O F
P R OV O K IN
ST R E S S-
FA MILY
a g e s y s te m a h e a lth threat? th re a t in b o th c o mmunity
Why is improper d
rain
ce , if n e g le cte d , c ould pose a a th at could
an d its m a in ten a n re s is ta n t b ac te ri
Drainage systems w e ll as e m e rg e n ce of multi-
ar it a l r e lati o nsh ip re c a u s in g in fections as
1. Strain ed m and hea lt h ca
l m a n ifestations.
tab le c lin ic a
cause unpredic
a d a c he s , st re s s and
t r a in , fa t igue, h e
a n l e ad to e y e - s a u s e s a f e t y and
Poor ligh ti n g c h li gh t can a ls o c
er han d , t o o m u c
e nt s . O n th e o th tress.
accid h e a d a c h es a n d s
r el ati onship p r o b le m s s u c h a s “glare”
e n t- si b li ng health
2.Strained par
p r o b le m i t c au se s is
m o s t c o m m o n h ealth
a d a ily b a s i s . T h e c a u s e h i g h b loo d
ll io n s o f p e ople o n u d n o i se c an also
 Impa c ts m i ) . E xposur e t o l o stress
L o s s ( N I H L , a n d
Noise Induced He
aring
le e p d i st u r bances
nf li c t s b etw een d i s e a s e , s
l c o r t
3. Interpersona pressure, hea
r p a r t i c l e s i nto
gases o
family members fr om s o u r c e s t h a t r e l e a se
e o ff p o ll u ti on
p o l l u t i o n come s f r e s h e n er s g iv
r a i r nd a i r o
Most indoo a s buildi n g m a t e r i a l s a
w o o d -burn i ng st o v e s a ls
i ng s s u c h ok e a n d
  the air. Th r c es s u c h a s to b a c c o sm
t l y . O t h e r s o u
- gi v i n g b u rd e n constan
4. C are
s e in d o o r p o l lu tion.
ca u
 
 POOR HOME CONDITION

   Housing is one of the traditional areas of concern for public health,

though it has been relatively neglected over recent decades. However,
housing is important for many aspects of healthy living and well-being. 
The home is important for psychosocial reasons as well as its protection
against the elements, but it can also be the source of a wide range of
hazards (physical, chemical, biological).  It is the environment in which
most people spend the majority of their time.
 E C O N DI T IO N
POO R HOM
ic h i s co n d u c iv e fo r
h o m e e n v i ro n m ent wh
ea
• Inability to provid d u e t o in a d eq uate
o n a l de v el o pm e n t
ce an d p e r s
pa c e health maintenan t s a n d lim ited
qua t e li v ing s cial co nstr a in
1. Inade s pe cif ic all y f in a n
family resources
n a nc i a l re s ourc es.
fi t d e a l – in many
u la r c ause a g re a
f a c ilit i e s in p a r t ic o t h er pests
d s to r a g e due t o r o d e n t s,
• Inadequate foo o d u c e d to b e lo st
o f 2 0 % – o f fo od pr
areas upwar d s
e ac h e s t he c o n s u mer.
e te r i o r at io n b e f o re it r c lu d in g b a c te r ia and
and general d an lea d t o s e v e r a l p r o b lems, in
aste.
e facil ities er f o o d s to r a ge c a nd e v en f o o d w
2.   La c k o f f oo d st o r ag  Improp e th r o u g h n a t u r a l decay
g ro w t h , fo o d s p oilag
mol d

n tr an sm it d ise a ses
a te d dr in king w ater ca e d
g ica ll y c o n t a min o a nd is e st im a t
• Microbiolo n t er y, ty ph oid an d poli
dia rr h e a , c h o le r a, dyse
such as a d e ath s ea c h year.
pl y ia r rh e
3.    Po ll u ted wa te r s u p to cause 485 000 d
 E C O N DI T IO N
POO R HOM
o re t h a n 1 7 % o f all
a s e s a c co u nt fo r m
 Vector-bor
ne dis e
•
an 7 00 0 0 0 de a t h s
bre e ding or s, c a us i n g m o r e th
infectious disease
4.    Pre se n c e o f
p a r as i te s , b a c t er ia
b e c a u s ed b y e i t her
n
re sti ng s ig ht s o f ve ctors o f annually. They ca
or viruses.
diseases m e s, f o r ex a m pl e
a d v er s e he a lt h outco
p o sa l c an lead t o w a ste o r u nsafe
Improp er d is a t io n . Haza r do u s
l a n d ai r c on t a m in s t e w o rkers
w a t er, s o i irectl y ha r m w a
re f us e through b u r nin g c a n d ing
p er g a rb a g e / n t su c h a s o p e n d n e ig h b or
5.  Impro waste trea t m e
involve d i n w a s t e b urning a n
or o t h er p eo p le
disposal communities.
i ro nme n ta l and marine
c t io n l ea d s to e nv
co ll e
     Poor waste w a te r d ra in s.  
l t i on a nd ca n blo c k
wa st e dis p os a p o l lu
6.  Unsanitary
 E C O N DI T IO N
POO R HOM
y ste m a h e a l th th r eat? eat in
p r o p e r d r a in a g e s c o u l d p o se a t h r
Why is im a in te n a n c e , i f n e glected, ce of
y s te m s a n d it s m w e l l a s e m e rg e n
dr a i na g e Drainage s r e c a u s in g in f e c ti ons as ical
7.  Imp ro p er n it y a n d h e a l th c a p re d ic ta b le c li n
both commu t c o u ld c a u s e un
e s is ta n t b a c t e ri a tha
multi-r
system manifestations.
a c h e s , st re s s a n d
e - st r a in , f a t ig u e , head
h ti n g c a n l e a d to ey
n a l s o c a u s e s a fe ty and
Poor l ig o o m u c h li ght ca
th e other h a n d , t
t ni n g a n d ac ci de n t s . O n n d s tr e ss.
8.  Po or l ig h s u c h a s “ g lare” h e a d a c h e s a
health pro b le m s lth
o s t c o m m o n h e a
ventilation n a d a i ly b a s is . The m o
li o n s o f p e o p l e o H L ) . E x p o s u r e t
  Impacts mil u c e d H e a r in g L oss (NI
it c a u s e s i s N o ise Ind
e , h e a r t d is e a s e , sleep
problem ig h b l o o d p ressur
i s e c a n a ls o c a u s e h stress
o i s e p oll u ti o n loud no and l e s into
9.  N s e g as e s o r p a r t i c
disturbances, m s o u r c e s t h a t r e l e a
f f p o ll ution
t io n co m e s f r o e s h eners g i v e o
o o r a i r p o l lu a n d a ir f r a lso
Most ind a s b ui ld i n g m a te r i a l s
w o od-bu r n i ng st o v e s
  T h i n g s s u c h m o k e a n d
the air. s u c h a s t o b a c co s
n ources
 10.     Air pollutio const a n t l y. O t h e r s
n .
n d o o r p o l l u t i o
cause i
 
Thank
You!