Computer Programming

BITS Pilani Pratik Narang

Pilani Campus
 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Arrays in C
What and why?
• Array – an ordered series of arrangement
• For processing multiple data items having a common characteristic
• E.g.: set of numerical data, list of student names, etc.
Defining arrays
• Storage-class data-type name[size]
• Examples:
• int count[100];
• char name[25];
• float cgpa[50];

• Good practice:
• #define SIZE 100
• int count[SIZE];
 Ways of defining/initializing arrays
• Which of these are valid ways of initializing arrays in C?:

• int intArray[6] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};

• float floatArray[ 100 ] = { 1.0f, 5.0f, 20.0f };
• double fractions[ ] = {3.141592654,1.570796327,0.785398163 };
int main(){
int intArray[6] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
for (int i=0; i<sizeof(intArray)/sizeof(intArray[0]); i++)
printf("%d\t",intArray[i]);
return 0;}

Output?
1 2 3 4 5 6
int main(){
int intArray[6] = {1, 2, 3};
for (int i=0; i<sizeof(intArray)/sizeof(intArray[0]); i++)
printf("%d\t",intArray[i]);
return 0;}

Output?
1 2 3 0 0 0
int main(){
int intArray[] = {1, 2, 3};
for (int i=0; i<sizeof(intArray)/sizeof(intArray[0]); i++)
printf("%d\t",intArray[i]);
return 0;}

Output?
1 2 3
int main(){
int intArray[6];
intArray[6] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
for (int i=0; i<sizeof(intArray)/sizeof(intArray[0]); i++)
printf("%d\t",intArray[i]);
return 0;}

Output?
Compile-time error

What is the right way in such a scenario?

int main(){
int intArray[6];
for (int i=0;i<6;i++)
intArray[i] = i;
for (int i=0;i<6;i++)
printf("%d\t",intArray[i]);
return 0;
}

Output?
0 1 2 3 4 5
int main(){
int intArray[6];
for (int i=0;i<6;i++)
intArray[i] = i;
for (int i=0;i<9;i++)
printf("%d\t",intArray[i]);
return 0;
}

Output?
0 1 2 3 4 5 394652928 -969703505 4195872
(junk values)
int main(){
int intArray[6];
for (int i=0;i<8;i++)
intArray[i] = i;
for (int i=0;i<6;i++)
printf("%d\t",intArray[i]);
return 0;
}

Output?
0 1 2 3 4 5 Aborted (core dumped)
(segmentation fault)
Char arrays
• char color[3] = “RED”;
• char color[ ] = “RED”;

• Are they the same?

Char arrays
• Write a C program which reads a 1D char array, converts all elements
to uppercase, and then displays the converted array.
• Hint: use toupper(ch) of <ctype.h>