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Mole Concept
Mole Concept
n = m
mm
EXAMPLE
How many moles of calcium carbonate are present in 10g of
the compound?
n =m
mm
= 10g
100g/mol
= 0.1 moles
Education for the Real World
EXERCISE
1. Calculate the
a) Mass of 3 mol of sodium chloride
b) Number of moles in 200g of magnesium oxide
2. Four moles of an unknown Group l metal have a combined mass of 156g
c) Calculate molar mass of the metal
d) Identify the metal.
3. Determine the number of moles in:
e) 32g of carbon
f) 320g of sulphuric acid
4. Calculate the mass of 1.8 × 1019 atoms of copper.
= 125g/dm3
Exercise
1. Express the following in g/dm3
a) 2.5g in 100cm3 solution.
b) 25g in 5dm3 solution.
c) 10 moles of NaOH in 500cm3 solution.
d) 0.25 moles (NH4)3PO4 in 250 cm3 solution
chloride
b) 1dm of 0.2M potassium
3
hydroxide
hydroxide
b) 200cm3 of 1M hydrochloric
acid
c) 100cm3 of 0.2M potassium
hydroxide
Education for the Real World
AVOGADRO S LAW
. ’
24dm3CO2.
24dm3 SO2,
24dm3 NH3 ,
there is 1 mole of gas, and 6.0 x 1023
molecules of gas
Education for the Real World
• or 10 dm3 of O2 ,
10 dm of H2 ,
3
10dm3 of SO2 ,
10 dm3 of NH3,
All have the same number of
moles, and the same number of
molecules.
Education for the Real World
That is
24 dm3 of gas → 1 mole
10 dm3 of gas → X
X = 10 dm3
24 dm3
= 0.42 moles
n = V
Vm
= 0.05 x 24dm3
= 1.2dm3
Exercise
1 How many moles are there
in 500cm of CO2 measured at
3
burette
Acid
Conical flask
Alkali plus drops
of indicator
Education for the Real World
• The acid or any other solution is
placed in the burette and the alkali
plus drops of suitable indicator or
another solution is placed in the
conical flask.
• The acid or solution is added to
the conical flask until there is a
colour change inside the conical
flask.
• The point at which the indicator
changes colour is called END-
POINT. At this point, the
reaction in the flask between
the two reactants has stopped.
• The titration is stopped.
=
16.3cm3
.
Exercise
1. 25cm of 0.05mol/dm
3 3
hydroxide is needed to
neutralise 22.5cm of
3
0.262mol/dm of sulphuric
3
acid?
hydroxide is needed to
neutralise 25.0cm of
3
sulphuric acid.
What was the volume of
sodium hydroxide used?
CALCULATING CONCENTRATION, VOLUMES
AND MASSES OF SOLUTIONS
M = n x mm
= 0.1mol x 160g/mol
= 16g
Education for the Real World
2Calculate the mass of solute in 500cm3 of
1.00mol/dm3 CaCl2
n = cxv
= 0.5 x 1
= 0.5 mol
m = n x mm
= 0.5 x 111
= 55.5g
Education for the Real World
3 What is the concentration in
mol/dm of solution containing
3
hydroxide?
Education for the Real World
8 What mass of sodium
carbonate, Na2CO3 is present in
100cm3 of a 1mol/dm3 solution
of sodium carbonate?
9 What is the concentration of
0.53g of sodium carbonate in
100cm solution in mol/dm .
3 3
X = 0.1g x 24dm3
24g
= 0.1dm3
= 100cm3
Education for the Real World
Or Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
moles Mg = 0.1g
24g
= 0.00417mol
1 mol Mg → 24dm3 H2
0.00417mol Mg → X
X = 0.00417mol x 24dm3
1 mol
= 0.10008 dm3
= 100.08cm3
sulphuric acid?
Example
Moles of CaCO3 = 5g
100g/mol
= 0.05 mol
= 0.11mol
From equation,
1mol of CaCO3 → 2 mol of HCl
0.05 mol of CaCO3 → X
X = 0.05 x 2
= 0.10 mol of HCl
Initial moles of HCl = 0.11
Reacted moles of HCl = 0.10
HCl was in excess by 0.11- 0.10= 0.01mol
Education for the Real World
iii) Limiting reactant was calcium carbonate because everything
reacted
iV) Calculate the theoretical yield(using limiting reactant)
1mol of CaCO3 → 1 mole of CO2
0.05 mol of CaCO3 → X
at r.t.p.
a) Find the mass of the pure
magnesium carbonate
b) Find the percentage
purity.
Education for the Real World
WATER OF CRYSTALLISATION
• Water of crystallisation is the
definite(fixed)amount of water a
compound needs to form a crystal.
• A hydrated salt is one which contains
water of crystallisation.
• An anhydrous salt is a salt which does not
contain water of crystallisation
Examples
Some zinc sulphate crystals were
heated to constant mass. The mass
of the zinc sulphate crystals was
5.74g.The mass of the anhydrous
zinc sulphate was 3.22g.Find the
value of x in the formula
ZnSO4.XH2O.
ZnSO4.XH2O → ZnSO4 + XH2O
5.74g 3.22g 2.52g
No of Moles 3.22 2.52
161 18
=0.02 =0.14
X= 7
Formula:ZnSO4 .7H2O
• Washing soda are crystals of hydrated
sodium carbonate,Na2CO3.xH2O.
• The value of x can be determined by
titration.
• In the experiment 2g of hydrated
sodium carbonate neutralized 14cm3 of
a standard 1m hydrochloric acid.
a) Write a balanced chemical
equation of the reaction.
Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
b) How many moles of
hydrochloric acid were
neutralized?
n = 14 x 1 = 0.014 moles
1000
Education for the Real World
c) How many moles of
sodiumcarbonate,Na2CO3 were in 2g of
the hydrated salt?
1mole of Na2CO3 → 2moes HCl
X → 0.014 moles
X = 0.014
2
= 0.007moles of Na2CO3
d) What mass of sodium
carbonate is this?
Mass = n x mm
= 0.007 x 106
= 0.742g