The Molecules of Life

Science 10 4th Quarter 3rd Week

Name: Zen Joseph Marcel S. Garcia
Grade: 10 Section: Balangiga
Teacher: Ma’am May M. Sumugat
 ANSWER SHEET
PRE TEST POST TEST

1. A 1. A
2.D 2.D
3.C 3.C
4.D 4.D
5. B 5. B
 LOOKING BACK
M E E R X F G A W Z H B N M H
I A S D F G H H J K L L P O H
T A L C H L O R O P H Y L L A
O T U R O N E S O I L K J H B
C A D A T P L K I U Y T R E W
H P O I U Y Y Q W E R T Y U I
O A X L R O S R H Y U I K M J
N E L V I N K J U Z X C V B N
D M N B V C X Z D V A S D F G
R R X F G A W Z H J A O L K J
I M N B J H G D R U U T U I O
A M N B H J K L I Y F Q E X C
S M E E R F X G A W Z H B N M
F S A G L Y C O L Y S I S A D
C O T U R O N E L P O J N H D
 Activity 1: What Makes Up
Biomolecules? A.
Biomolecule Molecular Structure Elements Present Characteristic of
Biomolecule

Carbon (C), Hydrogen Mostly comes from

Carbohydrates
(H), Oxygen (O) plant sources

Carbon (C), Hydrogen Energy-giving

Proteins
(H), Oxygen (O) molecules

Lipids Carbon (C), Hydrogen Stored energy

(H), Oxygen (O) molecules

Carbon (C), Hydrogen

Biomolecular
Nucleic Acids (H), Oxygen(O), components of
Nitrogen(N),
Phosphorus(P) hereditary materials
 Activity 1: What Makes Up
Biomolecules? B.
B. Guide Questions:
1. What are the four major categories of biomolecules?
• The four major types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids,
nucleic acids, and proteins.
2. Describe the molecular structure of each biomolecule.
• Carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1
and thus with the empirical formula Cₘₙ. 
• Lipid is a macro biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents. 
• Nucleic acid is an important class of macromolecules found in all
cells and viruses.
• Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body. They are one
of the building blocks of body tissue and can also serve as a fuel
source. 
Activity 2: Let’s Classify a
Carbohydrate! A.

CARBOHYDRATES

MONOSACCHARIDE DISACCHARIDE POLYSACCHARIDE

DISACCHARIDES

I. Three or
I. One(1) I. Two(2)
More(3)

II. Most complex

II. Simplest form II. They possess
form of
of carbohydrates 12 carbon atoms
carbohydrates

III. Glucose III. Maltose III. Cellulose

III. Galactose III. Lactose III. Chitin
Activity 2: Let’s Classify a Carbohydrate!
B.
1. ❏ 6. O
2. ❏ 7. ❏
3. O 8. O
4. ∆ 9. ∆
5. ∆ 10.❏
Activity 3: What are Simple and Complex
Lipids?
1. Simple lipids. These consist of long chain fatty acids which may be either free or combined with an
alcohol by an ester linkage. They include the triglycerides (triacylglycerol's) and the waxes.
Compound lipids which contain additional groupings such as phosphoric acid, sugars, nitrogenous
bases or proteins.
2. The key difference between simple and complex lipids is that simple lipids are esters of fatty acids
with alcohols and do not carry other molecules while complex lipids are fatty acids with alcohols
and other molecules such as phosphates, nitrogenous base, etc.
Similarities Between Simple and complex lipids are two types of lipids. Both types are insoluble in
water. Also, both of them are soluble in ether, chloroform, and alcohols.
3. Simple lipids-candle and moisturizer cream and in complex naman -cheese and phospholipids.

Simple lipids
A simple lipid is a fatty acid ester of different alcohols and carries no other substance. These lipids belong
to a heterogeneous class of predominantly nonpolar compounds, mostly insoluble in water, but soluble in
nonpolar organic solvents such as chloroform and benzene.
Complex lipids
According to the chosen classification, they contain frequently three or more chemical identities (i.e.
glycerol, fatty acids and sugar, one long chain base, one nucleoside, one fatty acid and one phosphate
group…) and have polar properties. Some contain only two components but including a sugar moiety.
Activity 4: You Complete Me! A.
Chemical Test Positive Result
The test, however, gives
positive result to any
Biuret Test compound containing two
carbonyl groups attached to a
nitrogen or carbon atom.
Shown by a color change from
Benedict’s Test clear blue to brick-red with a
precipitate.
A positive result for the iodine
test (starch is present) was a
Iodine Test colour change ranging from
violet to black.
A positive test shows
Ethanol Emulsion conclusively
that lipids are present - and
Test not the other major biological
molecules.
Negative Result
(Lack of violet colour
formation) may mean lack of
protein, or the presence of
free amino acids (without
peptide bonds).
If the solution remains blue,
the test is negative, indicating
the absence of these sugars.
A negative result (no starch)
was the yellow colour of the
iodine solution.
No change is seen in a
negative test as there are no
lipids to come out of solution.
Biomolecule
Being Tested
Proteins can be detected
through the use of the
Biuret test.
Benedict's reagent is the
indicator we use to
detect monosaccharides.
Carbohydrates such as starch are
detected by mixing a sample
with 2–4 drops of iodine or
Lugol's solution. The solution
will turn from a yellow-brown
color to a dark purple if starch is
present.
The ethanol emulsion test is a
method to determine the
presence of lipids using wet
chemistry.
Activity 4: You Complete Me! B.

A B
C 1. Proteins a. Components of DNA and RNA

b. Protects vital organs and serves as heat

D 2. Carbohydrates
insulator to some animals

c. Body-building components that makes

B 3. Lipids
up the body of an organism

A 4. Nucleic acids d. Main source of energy for humans

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Direction: On your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement is correct, or
FALSE if it is wrong.
TRUE 1. Carbohydrates are our main source of energy.
TRUE 2. Cellulose is a lipid.
TRUE 3. The exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects is called chitin, a type of
carbohydrate.
TRUE 4. Dietary protein is usually from plant sources.
FALSE 5. Glucose, galactose, and fructose are polysaccharides.
FALSE 6. All oils and waxes are edible (can be eaten).
TRUE 7. Glycolipids are essential components of all membranes in the body.
FALSE 8. Phospholipids are present in large amounts in nerve tissue, brain,
liver, kidney, pancreas, and heart.
TRUE 9. Fats cannot be used by the body as an energy source.
TRUE 10. Glucose is also called “fruit sugar”.
 REFLECTION
2 Things I Found
3 Things I Learned 1 Question I Still Have
Interesting

 I learned about
molecular structure,
elements present and
characteristics of  The things I found
biomolecules. interesting is about to
 I learned about simple learn the simple and
and complex lipids. complex lipids.  Why biomolecules
 I learned the 4 types  The things I found need to test/s?
of tests of interesting is about to
biomolecules, their learn the types of tests
positive and negative of biomolecules.
result and of course
the biomolecules they
being test.
Dear Ma’am May M. Sumugat,

Love, Zen Garcia from 10-Balangiga