Understanding the Self

Hello!

2
The Self from the Various Perspectiv

WEEK 1

3
Multi-disciplinal approach

▪ More deep and wide reference framework for considering the causes and
effects of problems, and thus find alignments between these points to
articulate solutions.
▪ It improves your ability to consider things from multiple perspectives at
the same time, as well as measure various ripple effects, as you can
consider how those manifests through different domains and collective
relationships.

4
What is self?

▪ The “self” has many aspects. These aspects make up the “self’s” integral
parts, such as self-awareness, self-esteem, self-knowledge, and self-
perception.
▪ With these aspects, the person can alter, change, add, and/ or modify
himself or herself for the purpose of gaining social acceptance

5
What is self?

▪ The “self” is an important study in psychology. It holds that the “self” is

either the cognitive or the affective representation of the individual.
▪ Cognitive is relating to or involving conscious intellectual activity while
affective is relating to or arising from feelings influenced by emotions
(Merriam-Webster, 2017).

6
Integral Parts of the Self

▪ Self-awareness- is the ability to see yourself clearly and objectively through

reflection and introspection.
▪ Self-Knowledge - as defined as understanding one’s own motives, character,
beliefs grants one the freedom to live their life without regrets. Additionally, it
gives one a sense of direction and makes it extremely difficult to be manipulated.
▪ Self-concept-is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about,
evaluates or perceives themselves. To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of
oneself.

7
Integral Parts of the Self

▪ 1) The Existential Self

▪ This is 'the most basic part of the self-scheme or self-concept; the sense of being
separate and distinct from others and the awareness of the constancy of the self'
(Bee, 1992).
▪ (2) The Categorical Self
▪ Having realized that he or she exists as a separate experiencing being, the child
next becomes aware that he or she is also an object in the world.

8
 Self-image (how you see yourself)
▪ 1) Physical Description: (Tall, Small, and blue eyes)
▪ 2) Social Roles: (Wife, husband, and friend)
▪ 3)Personal Traits: (Impulsive, honest, and kind)
▪ 4) Existential Statements: (Spiritual being

9
Philosophical View of Self

WEEK 2

10
 ▪ “The unexamined life is not worth living”
Socrates
▪ Some of Socrates ideas
▪ The soul is immortal
▪ The care of the soul is the task of philosophy
▪ Virtue is necessary to attain happiness
▪ The state of your inner being (soul/self) determines the
quality of your life Two kinds of existence
▪ • Visible
• invisible
The goal of life is to be happy The virtuous man is a happy
man

11
 ▪ Collection and division
Plato The philosopher would collect all the generic ideas that
seemed to have common characteristics and then divided
them into different kinds until the subdivision of ideas
became specific
▪ Theory of forms
▪ Asserted that the physical world is not really the “real” world
because the ultimate reality exists beyond the physical world.
The soul is indeed the most divine aspect of the human being

12
Plato

▪ The self/soul/mind according to Plato is the aspect of the

human beings by which the forms (ideas) are known

13
Plato
▪ The three parts of the soul according to Plato are:
• The appetitive (sensual) – the element that enjoys sensual
experiences, such as food, drink and sex
▪ The rational- the element that forbids the person to enjoy the
sensual experiences; the part that loves truth, hence should
rule over the other parts of the soul through the use of reason
▪ The spirited (feeling) – the element that is inclined toward
reason but understands the demands of passion; the part that
loves honor and victory

14
St. Augustine of Hippo

▪ He adopted Plato’s view that the self is an immaterial (but

rational) soul
▪ Theory of forms- saint Augustine asserted that these forms
were concepts existing within the perfect and eternal god
where the soul belonged.

15
St. Augustine of Hippo

▪ The soul held the truth and was capable of scientific thinking.
Saint Augustine’s concept of the “self” was an inner
immaterial “i” that had self- knowledge and self-awareness.”
▪ Human beings through the senses could sense the material
and temporal objects as we interacted with the material
world; the immaterial but intelligible God would only be
clear and obvious to the mind if one tune into his / her
immaterial self/soul.

16
St. Augustine of Hippo
▪ Aspects of the soul according to saint Augustine are:
▫ It can be aware of itself
▫ It recognizes itself as a holistic one
▫ It is aware of its unity
▫ Saint Augustine pointed out that a person is similar to
god as regards to the mind
▫ and its ability; that by ignoring to use his/her mind (or
the incorrect use of the mind) he/she would lose his/her
possibility to reach real and lasting happiness.

17
Rene Descartes

▪ Cogito Ergo Sum

▪ I think therefore, I am

18
 • Locke believed that the self is identified with
John Locke consciousness and this self consists of sameness
of consciousness.
• This is usually interpreted to mean that the self
consists of memory; that the person existing now
is the same person yesterday because he/she
remembers the thoughts, experiences or actions of
the earlier self.

• For Locke, a person’s memories provide a

continuity of experience that allows him / her to
identify himself/herself as the same person over
time.
According to Locke since you are the same “self”
in the passing of time, you can be held
accountable for past behavior. However, Locke
insisted that a person could only be held
accountable for behaviors he/she can remember.
19
David Hume
▪ The self is just a bundle of perceptions, like links in a
chain. To look for a unifying self beyond those perceptions is
like looking for a chain apart from the links that constitute it.

20
Immanuel Kant
▪ We cannot observe ourselves, or what we are, in a unified
way. There is no impression of the “self” that ties our
particular impressions together. In other words, we can never
be directly aware of ourselves, only of what we are
experiencing at any given moment.

21
Sigmund Freud
▪ Sigmund Freud believed that if you have a strong sense of
self (ego), you're capable of understanding your own
needs and also intuiting the limits that society puts on you.
If you have a strong sense of self, you can move freely
through life

22
Gilbert Ryle
▪ Arguing that the mind does not exist and therefore can't be the
seat of self, Ryle believed that self comes from behavior.
We're all just a bundle of behaviors caused by the physical
workings of the body

23
Paul Churchland
▪ Churchland holds to materialism, the belief that nothing
but matter exists. When discussing the mind, this means that
the physical brain, and not the mind, exists. Adding to this,
the physical brain is where we get our sense of self

24
Maurice Merleau- Ponty
▪ He believed the physical body to be an important part of
what makes up the subjective self.

25
Western and Eastern
Philosophy
WEEK 3

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Sociological View of Self

WEEK 4

44
 Sociological View of Self
▪ Sociology posited that socially formed norms, beliefs, and values come to exist within
the person to a degree where these become natural and normal (Elwell, 2003); Thus,
developing the person’s self-identity.

45
 Sociological View of Self
▪ A. Modernization
▪ Modernization has significantly changed society and this affected how an individual build and
develops his or her self-identity.
▪ Pre-modern society was centered on survival. People behaved according to social rules and
traditions, while the family and the immediate environment provided supervision on how to get
through life. Choosing where to live, what line of work to do, and even who to marry was very
limited
▪ Modernization, however, improved the people’s living conditions. A person in the modern society
is free to choose where to live, what to do, and who to be with. However, stability also decreased
as traditions and traditional support systems such as the family decreased in importance. In
modern societies, individualism is dominant and developing one’s self-identity is central

46
 Sociological View of Self
▪ B. Key characteristics of modernity
▪ According to Giddens (1991), the most patent, major characteristics of modernity are: Industrialism - this refers
to the social relations implied in the extensive use of material power and machinery in all processes of
production.
Capitalism - a production system involving both competitive product markets and the commodification (putting
a price tag) of labor power.
▪ Institutions of surveillance – the massive increase of power and reach by institutions, especially in government.
Dynamism – this is the most evident characteristic of a modern society. Dynamism is characterized as having
vigorous activity and progress. In a modern society, life is not a predetermined path with limited options based
on location, family or gender: it is a society full of possibilities. Everything is subject to change, and changes
happen much more rapidly than ever before in human history.

47
 Sociological View of Self
▪ C. Organic and Rational social groups
▪ An organic group is naturally occurring, and it is highly influenced by your family. Sociologist George Simmel
stated that you join these groups because your family is also a part of it, in the first place. He called it organic
motivation. Simmel noted that the positive effect of organic groups is rootedness. This means the foundation of
the social network runs deep, thus giving the person a sense of belongingness. The downside however is that
organic groups imply less freedom and greater social conformity.
▪ Rational groups occur in modern societies. Rational groups are formed as a matter of shared self-interests.
Moreover, people join these groups out of their own free will. Simmel called this rational motivation. Rational
groups imply greater freedom, especially the freedom of movement. However, relationships based on self-
interest are not as embedded as organic relationships. Interests change and when they do, group members
change. The relationship between rational social networks is tenuous and the person feels no meaningful
connection with others.

48
 Sociological View of Self
▪ C. Organic and Rational social groups
▪ An organic group is naturally occurring, and it is highly influenced by your family. Sociologist George Simmel
stated that you join these groups because your family is also a part of it, in the first place. He called it organic
motivation. Simmel noted that the positive effect of organic groups is rootedness. This means the foundation of
the social network runs deep, thus giving the person a sense of belongingness. The downside however is that
organic groups imply less freedom and greater social conformity.
▪ Rational groups occur in modern societies. Rational groups are formed as a matter of shared self-interests.
Moreover, people join these groups out of their own free will. Simmel called this rational motivation. Rational
groups imply greater freedom, especially the freedom of movement. However, relationships based on self-
interest are not as embedded as organic relationships. Interests change and when they do, group members
change. The relationship between rational social networks is tenuous and the person feels no meaningful
connection with others.

49
 Sociological View of Self
▪ Mead's theory of the social self is based on the perspective that the self emerges from
social interactions, such as observing and interacting with others, responding to others'
opinions about oneself, and internalizing external opinions and internal feelings about
oneself.

50
51
Anthropological View of Self

WEEK 4.5

52
 Anthropological View of Self
▪ Katherine Ewing (1990) described the self as encompassing the “physical organism,
possessing psychological functioning and social attributes”. This definition portrayed
the “self” as implicitly and explicitly existing in the mind comprised of psychological,
biological, and cultural processes.
▪ Neuroscientist Joseph LeDoux (2002) conceptualized the implicit and explicit aspects
of the self (Kemp, 2012). The aspects of the self that you are consciously aware of are
the explicit self; while those that are not immediately available to the consciousness is
the implicit aspect. This concept can be traced to the famous psychologist Sigmund
Freud’s “level of consciousness”.

53
 Anthropological View of Self
▪ A. The Self Embedded in Culture
▪ How individuals see themselves, how they relate to other people, and how they relate
to the environment is deeply defined by culture.
▪ If one finds the view that the “self” is a product of society, then it is plausible that the
ways of how the self is developed are bound to cultural differences as well. Construal
is an interpretation of the meaning of something; hence in this sense, the meaning of
“self”.
▪ individualistic culture represents the self as separate, distinct, with emphasis on
internal attributes traits, skills, and values.

54
 Anthropological View of Self
▪ B. Catherine Raeff view about culture
▪ According to Developmental Psychologist Catherine Raeff (2010), culture can
influence how you view:
▪ 1.Relationships
Culture influences how you enter into and maintain relationships.
▪ 2. Personality traits
▪ Culture influences whether (and how) you value traits like humility, self-esteem,
politeness, assertiveness, etc.; as well as how you perceive hardship or how you feel
about relying on others.

55
 Anthropological View of Self
▪ 3. Achievement
▪ Culture influences how you define success and whether you value certain types of
individual and group achievements.
▪ 4. Expressing emotions
▪ Culture influences what will affect you emotionally as well as how you express
yourself, such as showing your feelings in public or keeping it private.

56
Psychological View of Self

WEEK 5

57
 Psychological View of Self
▪ People have misconception of a human development, to the extent that they give less
importance to cognitive development. Psychologist provide some theory that may
serve as our bases in understanding the complexity of human existence especially to
our development in all aspects, its effect and importance.

58
 Psychological View of Self
▪ A. The Self as A Cognitive Construction
▪ • Psychology
• Deals with the human brain pertaining to its consciousness,
▪ memory, reasoning, language, personality and mental health • Cognitive
▪ Conscious intellectual activity e.g. thinking, reasoning and remembering
▪ Natural for Self to form theory about himself and a single entity and as a group and to
make meaning of one’s existence and experience

59
 Psychological View of Self
▪ B. Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development
▪ • Jean Piaget
▫ 1896-1980
▫ Swiss Clinical Psychologist
▫ Known for his pioneering work in child development
▫ Theory of Cognitive Development

60
Psychological View of Self

61
 Psychological View of Self
Harter’s Self-Development Concept
▪ The development of self-concept according to Harter is as follows:
▪ Early childhood - the child described the “self” in terms of concrete, observable
▪ characteristics such as physical attributes, material possessions and preferences.
▪ Middle to later childhood - the self was described in terms of trait like constructs that would require the type of hierarchical
organizational skills characteristic of
▪ logical thought development.
▪ Adolescence – according to Harter, this is the emergence of a more abstract self-
▪ definitions such as inner thoughts, emotions, attitudes and motives.
▪ Emerging adults – the marked characteristic of “self” for emerging adults is
▪ having a vision of a “possible self”. It is the “age of possibilities”.

62
 Psychological View of Self
▪ D. William James and The Me-Self; I-Self
▫ I-self is the pure ego. It is the subjective self. It is the “self” that is aware of its
own actions.
▫ me-self is the self that is the object. It is the “self” that you can describe such has
your physical characteristics, personalities, social role, or relationships, thoughts,
feelings
▪ The dimensions of the me-self include:
Material – physical appearance and extensions of it such as clothing, immediate
family, and home
▪ Social – social skills and significant interpersonal relationships
▪ Spiritual - personality, character, defining values

63
 Psychological View of Self
▪ Carl Ransom Rogers humanistic Approach
was an American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic
▪ approach to psychology?
▪ Ideal Self vs. Real Self
The ideal self could include:
▫ –  Notions influenced by your parents
▫ –  What you admire in others
▫ –  What the society sees as acceptable
▫ –  What you think is in your best interest
▫ The real self is the person you actually are. It is how you behave right at the moment of a situation. It is who you are in reality, how
you think, feel, or act at present The Importance of Alignment
▫ When there is a great inconsistency between your ideal and real selves or if the way you are is not aligned with what you want to be,
then you experience a state Rogers called incongruence.
▫ He added that incongruence could lead to maladjustment.
The Unity of Consciousness
Immanuel Kant’s “unity of consciousness” that can be described as “I am conscious not only of single experiences but of a great many
experiences at the same time. The same is true of actions; I can do and be conscious of doing a number of actions at the same time.”

64
 Psychological View of Self
▪ Allport’s Personality Theory
▫ Gordon Allport proposed his “Personality Trait Theory” claiming that every
person possesses traits.
▫ According to him, a “trait” is your essential characteristic that never, ever
changes and sticks with you all your life.

65
 Psychological View of Self
▪ Eric Berne Transactional Analysis model The Ego States In 1960 psychiatrist Eric Berne began to develop his Transactional Analysis
model as basis for understanding behavior. Transactional Analysis is anchored on two notions:
▪ Every person has three parts called “ego states” in his or her personality.
▪ People communicate with each other assuming roles of any these ego states.
▪ Berne
▪ presented the ego states as:
▪ Parent
▪ Adult
▪ Child
▪ The Parent ego state is the voice of authority. It could be a comforting “nurturing parent” voice or a “controlling/critical parent” that tells
what you should or should not do.
▫ The Adult ego state is the rational person. It is the voice that speaks reasonably and knows how to assert himself or herself.
▫ There are 3 Child ego states. First is the natural child who loves to play but is sensitive and vulnerable. The Little Professor is the
curious child who wants to try everything. The Adaptive child is the one who reacts to the world.

66
 Psychological View of Self
▪ Gregg Henriques domains of Self
▪ Domains of the Self
Gregg Henriques PhD proposed that the human self has three related, but separable,
domains.
▫ These domains are:
1. Experiential self
2. Private self-conscious 3. Public self/persona
▫ described the “experiential self” as the theater of consciousness because it is the
first to experience its beingness (the state or fact of existing).
▫ The “private self-conscious” can be described as the narrator or interpreter.
▫ The “public self or persona” is the image you project to the public.

67
 Psychological View of Self
▪ True vs False Selves
▪ False self is the product of early experience. It is a defensive organization formed by
the infant because of inadequate mothering or failures in empathy.
▪ Healthy false self - when the person has false self but can still function both as an
individual and in the society.
▪ Unhealthy false self - an individual who may seem happy and comfortable in his or her
environment but actually feels forced to fit in and constantly needs to adjust his or her
behavior to adapt to the social situation is said to have an unhealthy false self.

68
Explore the different aspects of self
and identity
WEEK 6

69
 Unpacking the Self
▪ Beauty is defined in so many ways, but in its simplest sense, it can be described that
beauty is happiness.
▪ A. Physical Self
What Philosophers Think About Beauty
▪ St. Augustine asked whether things were beautiful because it gave delight, or whether
it gave delight because it was beautiful. He believed it to be the latter.
▪ Plato connected beauty as a response to love and desire. He asserted that

70
 Unpacking the Self
▪ beauty exists in the realm of Forms, and that objects are found beautiful because
▪ it is a reflection of the idea of beauty that already exists in the realm of Forms.
▪ Aristotle asserted that the chief forms of beauty are order, symmetry, and
▪ definiteness that can be demonstrated by mathematical sciences.

71
 Unpacking the Self
▪ David Hume
▪ “Beauty is no quality in things themselves: It exists merely in the mind which
contemplates them; and each mind perceives a different beauty. One person may even
perceive deformity, where another is sensible of beauty; and every individual ought to
acquiesce in his own sentiment, without pretending to regulate those of others.” (Hume
1757, 136)

72
 Unpacking the Self
▪ Immanuel Kant
▪ “The judgment of taste is therefore not a judgment of cognition, and is consequently
not logical but aesthetical, by which we understand that whose determining ground can
be no other than subjective.” (Kant 1790, section 1)
▪ Francis Hutcheson
▪ “The perception of beauty does depend on the external sense of sight; however, the
internal sense of beauty operates as an internal or reflex sense. The same is the case
with hearing: hearing music does not necessarily give the perception of harmony as it
is distinct from the hearing,” (Inquiry I. I. X).

73
 The Relationship between Body Image and Self-esteem
▪ Self-esteem
▪ is about how you value yourself and how you feel others value you. Self-esteem is important
because it can affect your mental health as well as how you behave.
▪ Body image
▪ is how you view your physical body, whether you feel you are attractive, and how you feel other
people like your looks.
▪ A self-image problem happens when your looks do not match your beauty standards.
▪ ▪ The problem here is with your own beauty standards and not with your looks. To have a positive
self-image and a higher self-esteem you must fix your false beliefs about physical attractiveness
first.

74
Explore the different aspects of self
and identity
WEEK 7

75
 Sexual Self
Puberty is the stage of development at which individuals become sexually mature. The
▪ outcome of puberty is different for boys and girls, but the hormonal process is similar.
▪ Erogenous Zones of the body
▪ ➢  The term erogenous zones was popularized in the 1960s and 1970s to describe areas of
the body that are highly sensitive to stimuli and are often (but not always) sexually
exciting.
▪ ➢  In this context, “highly sensitive” means these areas of the body have a high number of
sensory receptors or nerve endings that react to stimuli.

76
 Sexual Self
▪ Understanding the Human Sexual Response What is the sexual response cycle?
▪ The sexual response cycle refers to the sequence of physical and emotional occurrences
when the person is participating in a sexually stimulating activity such as intercourse or
masturbation.

77
78
 Sexual Self
▪ Physiological Mechanisms of Sexual Behavior Motivation Amygdala
▪ is the integrative center for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation.
▪ Nucleus accumbens (also referred to as the pleasure center)
▪ plays a role in motivation and cognitive processing of aversion. It has a significant role in
response to reward and reinforcing effects, translating emotional stimulus into behaviors.

79
 Sexual Self
▪ Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Issues
▫ Sex is a label — male or female — that you’re assigned by a doctor at birth based on
the genitals you’re born with and the chromosomes you have. It goes on your birth
certificate.
▫ Gender is not determined biologically, as a result of sexual characteristics of either
women or men, but is constructed socially.
▫ Gender identity is one's innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both or
neither – how individuals perceive themselves and what they call themselves
▫ Sexual orientation is an inherent or immutable enduring emotional, romantic or sexual
attraction to other people.

80
 Material/ Economic Self
▪ Consumer Culture
People are slowly realizing that the power of consumption is stopping us from finding the true and
sincere happiness. Shopping has turned into a LIFESTYLE.
▪ Consumption and Production
Consume – use up, to spend wastefully, to destroy.
Production – the consumers keep companies alive, and these companies pay people.
▪ Conscious Consumption
Consumers are often portrayed as victims because of some greedy companies. However, as a consumer
we have a FREE WILL to choose and it will be our responsibility and obligation.

81
 Material/ Economic Self
▪ Psychological/Sociological Consumption
▪ For many people these days, specially the younger generation, happiness seems attached to buying
something. Consumption has become Addiction.
▪ Consumerism
▪ Is one of the strongest forces affecting modern people’s lives. In modern society’s idea of being happier
and more successful we have to buy, buy, and buy. We slip into a cycle of wanting more things,
comparing ourselves with others. Consumerism will not only affect our BEHAVIOR it will also affects
our THINKING PROCESS.

82
 Material/ Economic Self
▪ The Problem with consumerism
▪ It is intrusive
▪ It is manipulative.
▪ It cannot provide many of the things that are important to us.
▪ It is restricting our choices and lives
▪ It affects our worldviews and characters.
▪ It is unsustainable.
▪ Avoid the trap
Society needs a cultural shift to move away from the culture of consumerism. Social changes do not
happen overnight, therefore, it is best to take immediate steps in your own life to release yourself from
the grip of CONSUMERISM.

83
 Political Self
▪ FILIPINO VALUES
▪ 1. Filipino-Time– “always late”; a Filipino attitude of impreciseness towards time.
▪ . Familism or Close Family Relations– a Filipino trait of giving highest importance to
family above other things. A trait wherein family members should be taken care and
supported regardless of whether he/she did something wrong, a family member must be
given attention and should not be abandoned.
▪ 3. Colonial Complex– showing high admiration and more preference to foreign produced
goods over local ones.
▪ 4. Tsamba Lang Attitude – simplicity by declaring that one’s accomplishments are the
results of luck and not from ability and hardwork.

84
 Political Self
▪ 5. Bayanihan System (Spirit of Kinship and Camaraderie) – a Filipino community spirit
and cooperation wherein a group of individuals extends a helping hand without expecting
anything in return. It is characterized by communal work towards one goal exemplified in
carrying a nipa house or pushing a passenger jeepney.
▪ 6. Religiosity – strong conformance of their religious belief both in actions and in words.
▪ 7. Utang na Loob – a feeling of obligation to repay someone who extended assistance to
another which may take place in undetermined time and in whatever way.
▪ 8.Crab Mentality – characterized by attempt to pull down someone who has achieved
success beyond the others. This is done out of jealousy and insecurity.

85
 Political Self
▪ 9. Kapalaran Values – accepting one’s fate by believing that everything is written in his
palm. Such trait contributes to lack of initiative and perseverance among Filipinos.
▪ 10. Compassion – being sympathetic to others even if the person is a stranger, an example
of this is giving alms to the beggar. This is observed when we hear Filipinos saying
“nakakaawa naman”.
▪ 11. Ningas-Cogon – being enthusiastic only during the start of new undertaking but ends
dismally in accomplishing nothing. A common practice observed in some politicians who
are visible only during the start of certain endeavor.
▪ 12. Euphemism – substituting a word or phrase that is thought to be offensive or harsh with
a mild and acceptable one in order not to offend or hurt another person.

86
 Political Self
▪ 13.Regionalism – giving more priority or preference in giving favors to his province mates
before others.
▪ 14. Damayan System – sympathy for people who lost their loved ones. In case of death of a
certain member of the community, the whole community sympathizes with the bereaved
family. Neighbors, friends, and relatives of the deceased usually give certain amount of
money as their way of showing sympathy.
▪ 15. Jackpot Mentality – a “get rich quick” mentality of Filipinos who would rather engage
in fast ways of acquiring money than through hardwork and sacrifice by betting in lottery,
joining raffle draws, etc.

87
 Political Self
▪ 16. Pakikisama – submitting oneself to the will of the group for the sake of camaraderie
and unity. Failure to comply with the group demand, the person will be called “walang
pakikisama” or selfish. The adherence to group demands have taught youth to engage in bad
habits like smoking, alcohol, and even drug addiction.
▪ 17. Maňana Habit – delaying or setting aside a certain task assigned later or on the next
day although it can be done now or today.
▪ 18. Fun-Loving – a trait that makes Filipinos unique that even in times of calamities and
other challenges in life, they always have something to be happy about, a reason to
celebrate.

88
 Political Self
▪ 19. Flexibility (Madaling Makibagay) – the ability to ride on or adjust to the norms of
other groups just to attain smooth and harmonious relationships.
▪ 20. Lack of Sportsmanship – not accepting defeats in competitions but rather putting the
blame either to their opponents or to the sport officials.

89
 Spiritual Self
▪

90
Digital Self

91
Digital Self

92
Managing and Caring for the Self

WEEK 8

93
Nervous System Diagram

94
Nervous System Diagram

95
 METACOGNITION AND STUDY STRATEGIES
▪ A learning strategy that you use to understand and control your own performance.
▪ Totally involved and aware of how you learn and what learning techniques or strategies
meet your needs.
▪ Evaluate how effective these strategies are for you.
▪ Implement the best plan of action for optimal learning.

96
Managing and Caring for the Self

WEEK 9

97
 METACOGNITION AND STUDY STRATEGIES
▪ Stress -a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very
demanding circumstances.
▪ Coping-refers to the strategies you use to deal with real or imagined problems to protect
yourself against negative emotions.

98
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

99
Stress and Responses

100
Stress and Responses

101
Stress and Responses

102
Stress and Responses

103