Ecosystem:

Life Energy
Brian R. Castro
Science Teacher
 Describe the parts of organelles involved in
photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Describe the process of food making by

Learning plants.

Objectives Describe how stored energy from food is

changed to chemical energy for cell use.

Identify the factors that affect the rate of

photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
 Pre-Assessment
1. Plants make food by absorbing water
and carbon dioxide. Which of the
following substances is the origin of
oxygen released as gas by green plants
during photosynthesis?
A. Water
B. Sugar
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate
2. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are
gases that cycle out in the
ecosystem. Which of the
following gases is important to
photosynthesis?
A. Ozone gas
B. Water vapor
C. Oxygen
D. Carbon dioxide
3. Plants are considered as
food makers. In which of the
following cell organelles
does photosynthesis occur?
A. Ribosome
B. Chlorophyll
C. Chloroplast
D. Mitochondrion
4. Allorganisms get energy from food
to perform different life processes.
This is done in the cells by breaking
down sugar molecules into chemical
energy. Which of the following cell
organelles is associated with the
production of chemical energy?
A. Chloroplast
B. Mitochondrion
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
D. Nucleus
5.If you did not eat for three
days, where did your cell get
the glucose for ATP
production?
A. Blood sugar
B. Glycogen in the liver
C. Glycogen present in the
muscle
D. Protein in the blood
Photosynthesis and
Cellular Respiration
 How do plants
manufacture their own
food?
What Cells and Organelles Are
Involved in Photosynthesis?
Cells

 All organisms are made of cells

 Some cells are Prokaryotic (no
nucleus) and some are
Eukaryotic (contains a nucleus)

Examples of prokaryotes are

bacteria and archaea.

Examples of eukaryotes are

protists, fungi, plants, and animals
(everything except prokaryotes).
Structure of Cells
• Nucleus: Controls the cells
functions. It contains the
cell’s genetic information.
This is organized into smaller
structures called
chromosomes.
• Cell Membrane: Outer layer
of the cell that controls what
materials that enter and exit
the cell
• Ribosomes: Structure that
makes proteins
Structure of Cells
• Mitochondria: Releases the
chemical energy stored in
glucose (sugar).
• Chloroplasts (plants):
Contain a pigment called
chlorophyll which absorbs
sunlight. The chloroplast
then convert the sun’s
energy into food for the
plant.
• Cell Wall (plants): Protective
layer surrounding the cell
membrane
 Photosynthesis
• Every living thing needs energy to
carry out their functions.
• Photosynthesis is the process by
which cells capture the energy
from sunlight and use it to make
food.
• During photosynthesis, plants and
some other organism use energy
from the sun to convert carbon
dioxide and water into oxygen
and sugars, including glucose.
 Why do you think plants are
referred to as great food providers?
Process of Photosynthesis
1. The chloroplast in a plant’s cell
captures energy from the sunlight.
2. The cell uses the captured energy
to produce sugars. For this to
happen, the plant needs water
(H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
3. The chloroplast uses the water and
carbon dioxide to undergo a series
of chemical reactions.
4. The outcome (products) from this
this reaction is oxygen (O2) and
glucose/sugar (C6H12O6)
 Stages of Photosynthesis
• Light-dependent Reaction
Light-dependent reaction happens in
the presence of light.
It occurs in the thylakoid membrane and
converts light energy to chemical energy.
Water which is one of the raw materials
of photosynthesis- is utilized during this
stage.
The energy harvested during this stage is
stored in the form of ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate) and NADPH( Nicotinamide
Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
Hydrogen).
 Stages of Photosynthesis
• Calvin Cycle (dark reaction)
A light-independent phase that takes
place in the stroma and converts
Carbon dioxide (CO2) into sugar.
This stage does not directly need light
but needs the products of light
reaction.
Therefore, it occurs immediately after
the light-dependent phase.
Create a flow chart