TYPES OF

COMMUNICATIVE
STRATEGY
Describe your experiences in communicating
with other people by answering the questions
below.
 How do you usually start a conversation?
 What are the problems that you had
encountered during a conversation and how
did you address them?
 Have you experienced engaging in a
conversation with a topic that you are not
comfortable with? How did you manage it?
 What is Communicative
Strategies?
It is the hallmark of communicative
competence. Being able to use such
strategies make certain not only the
achievement of the Speech Purpose but
also the enrichment of the communication
experience for both the speaker and the
listener.
 Are plans/ways/means of sharing information
which are adopted to achieved a particular
social, political, psychological, or linguistic
purpose.
 Seven Types of Communicative
Strategies
1. NOMINATION  A strategy that can also be
 A speaker carries out applied any time during the
nomination to course of an interaction as a
collaboratively and way of continuing the
productively establish a communication.
topic.  Using this strategy the topic
 You use this strategy to open should be introduced in a
a topic and start a clear and truthful manner,
conversation. Nomination is stating only what is relevant
usually employed at the to keep the interaction
beginning of interaction to focused.
set the purpose of
conversation.
Examples:
You may start off with making inquiries, giving
compliment, asking for opinion, or offering help. This
could efficiently signal the beginning of a new topic in
the conversation.
 “Have you heard about “the new normal”?
 “I saw your TikTok post on Facebook. It’s really
great.”
 “What can you say about our new plan for the
project? Do you think it will work?”
 You are the new student, right? Would you like me to
tour you around the campus?
NOTE:

Remember to avoid questions that are too personal

like asking about how much money the person or his
parents are earning. This may make the person you
are talking to uncomfortable and may refuse to talk
with you. Topics like politics and religion should also
be avoided because these may cause quarrel or
disagreement.
2. RESTRICTION
 A strategy that
 Restriction in constrains or restricts
communication refers to the response of the
any limitation you may person involved in the
have as a speaker. communication
 It is a strategy used situation.
when responses need to
be within the set
categories or
instructions. These
instructions confine you
as a speaker and limit
what you can say.
Examples:

 In your class, you might be asked by your

teacher to brainstorm on peer pressure or deliver a
speech about how important education is. In this
case, you cannot decide to talk about something
else.

 You are invited to the police station to answer

some questions about what you know about the
accident.
3. TURN-TAKING
 It pertains to the process
by which people decide
who takes the
conversational floor.
 Turn-taking strategy
allows all participants in
the conversation a jump in and start
chance to speak. You
can use this strategy to
avoid taking over the
whole conversation.
 This strategy requires
that each Speaker speaks
only when it is his/her
turn during an
interaction.
 It also uses either an
informal approach (just
talking) or a formal
approach (permission to
speak is requested).
Examples:

 May I have the floor, sir?

 Spoken cues such as “What do you think?” or

“You wanted to say something?” provide others a
chance to speak. Pausing is a nonverbal cue that
will do as well.
NOTE:

Remember to listen to the other person talking instead

of just waiting for your turn to talk. This way, you can
have a meaningful and productive conversation. Also,
always show politeness when you need to take the
conversational floor from the person currently
speaking.
4. TOPIC CONTROL
 This allows the Listener
 It covers how procedural
or the other participants
formality or informality to take turns, contribute
affects the development of ideas, and continue the
topic in conversations. discussion.

 This is simply a question-

answer formula that
moves the discussion
forward.
Examples:
 During a board meeting, the director manages the
communication and directs who may speak to
collectively develop the topic of conversation.
 In the senate session, the senate president presides
the meeting. Senators who wish to speak asks
permission to the senate president.
 Expressions like “Okay, so much for that… “Let's
go back to the topic.” and “Going back to what
we are talking about…” can be used to keep the
conversation within the topic when there is a
sudden shift.
NOTE:

This is a strategy used when there is a need

to control and prevent unnecessary
interruptions and topic shifts in a certain
conversation. Using this strategy makes the
conversation to stay focused on the topic
throughout the discussion and keeps the
development of the topic going by asking
questions.
5. TOPIC SHIFTING
 This strategy works best
when there is follow-
 involves moving from one through so that a new
topic to another. It is topic continues to be
useful in introducing discussed.
another topic.

 This strategy is used to

change the topic to a new
one which helps
communication keep
going.
Examples:
 You may use conversational transitions that
indicate a shift like “By the way...”, “Before I
forget...”, “Which reminds me of,” and the like.
 In a report presentation you may use expressions
like “Moving on to the next topic…”, “Now, let’s
talk about…”, “This time, let me tell you
about…”
NOTE:

Remember that Topic shifting requires a

good timing. So, make sure that topic is
adequately discussed before changing it to
another one. There may be a need to shift
topic when there’s a pause in conversation,
minimal response like nodding and smiling
6. REPAIR
 We can employ this
 refers to how speakers
strategy whenever we
address the problems in encounter problems in
speaking, listening, and communication to
comprehending that they prevent a breakdown.
encounter in a
conversation.
 Repair is the self-righting
mechanism in any social
interaction (Schegloff et.
al, 1977).
NOTE:

Repeating is a good way of correcting

oneself and gives the Speaker time to do just
that.

Recasting can also be possible. It means

changing the form of the Message that could
be understood.
Examples:
Speaker may use recasting or changing the form of
message to a more understandable one using the
following expressions:
 “What I mean is….”
 What I am trying to say is that…”
The speaker may repeat his/her statements using the
following expressions:
 “Let me repeat myself.”
 “Again…”
 I would like to reiterate that…”
7.TERMINATION
 This strategy is used to
 refers to the conversation
end an interaction or
participants’ close- close a topic. Most of
initiating expressions that the time, the topic
end a topic in a initiator or the person
conversation. who opened the topic
 Termination is quick and takes responsibility to
short. Sometimes it is signal the end of the
prolonged by discussion as well.
clarifications but the point
of the language and body
movement is to end the
communication.
Examples:
You may use the following expressions to end a
conversation:
 “It’s nice catching up with you. I must be going.”
 Thanks for your time. See you around.
 Regards to your wife. See you soon.”
 So that’s it for our plans in the upcoming
Christmas party.