GLOBAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

JAIPUR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT PWD J&K

SESSION 2022-23
NAME :ATUL KUMAR
SUBMITTED TO:-
Mr. MAHENDRA PRAJAPAT ROLL NO. : 19EGJCE004
DEPTT. OF CIVIL ENGG. YEAR : 4th
SEMESTER : 7th
 ABOUT PWD DEPARTMENT J&K
Development of quality and extensive road network in Jammu
& Kashmir is vital, given the difficult topography, ecology and
weather conditions of the UT and limited scope for
development of alternate means of communication. A well-
developed network of roads is necessary not only for the
economic development of the UT but for its social and cultural
development. It is necessary and critical to exploit rich natural
wealth, to develop indigenous industries, to explore new
markets for farm products and to promote tourism.
PW(R&B) Department is mandated to develop a robust and
dependable road network in Jammu and Kashmir to all corners
of the UT. To this effect the Department has been focusing on
construction of new roads, maintenance and upgradation of
already existing roads, construction of bridges and culverts
and connecting habitations/ villages with the network of roads.
Major thrust is being given to the schemes providing
connectivity in difficult and inaccessible areas for equitable
development of all regions of the UT.
The Department also extends technical support to
other Government Departments and executes their
projects in case they assign construction to the
Department. It remains endeavour of the Department
to construct eco-friendly and cost-effective
government buildings adopting best evolved practices
and advanced modern techniques.
CERTIFICATE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
 TOPICS:-
 VARIOUS WORKS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION:-
 LINEAR MEASUREMENTS
 LEVELLING
 ESTIMATION OF MATERIAL REQUIRED
 BITUMINOUS ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN JAMMU
ZONE
LINEAR MEASUREMENTS IN ROAD WORK
 CHAIN SURVEYING:-
It is the branch of surveying in which distances are
measured with chain or tape and this process is called
is called "Chaining“.

 TYPE OF TAPES:-
• CLOTH OR LINEN TAPE
• METALLIC TAPE
• STEEL TAPE
• INVAR TAPE
 LEVELLING IN ROAD WORK:-
LEVELLING:-
• Levelling is the operation of determining elevation of
various points.
• Elevation is the height of a points above or below a reference
level called "Datum“
• BOMBAY HIGH IS THE NAME OF PLACE IN ARABIAN
SEA IT IS DATUM OF INDIA.
 BASIC DEFINATIONS
BACK SIGHT:-
• BACK SIGHT IS FIRST STAFF READING TAKEN
AFTER SETTING PF INSTRUMENT ON A POINT OF
KNOWN ELEVATION.
• HEIGHT OF INSTRUMENT = R.L OF BENCHMARK +
B.S
 FORE SIGHT:-
• FORE SIGHT IS LAST STAFF READING FROM
PARTICULAR SETTING OF INSTRUMENT.
• ELEVATION OF STAFF STATION =H.I –FORESIGHT

 INTERMEDIATE SIGHT:-
• An Intermediate sight is defined as readings which are
taking just after back sight and before fore sight.
 INSTRUMENT USED IN LEVELLING
 DUMPY LEVEL :-
The dumpy level is an optical surveying leveling instrument
consisting a telescope tube firmly secured in two collars fixed by
adjusting screws to the stage by the vertical spindle.

PHOTO OF DUMPY LEVEL

TRIPOD STAND :-
A surveyor's tripod is a device used to support any one of a
number of surveying instruments, such as theodolites, total
stations, levels or transits.

PHOTO OF TRIPOD STAND

LEVELLING STAFF :-
A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated
wooden or aluminium rod, used with a levelling instrument
to determine the difference in height between points or
heights of points above a vertical datum.
PROCESS OF LEVELLING :-
The levelling procedure is performed by taking a backsight (b) reading on a
levelling staff placed vertically at a benchmark (BM), then reading a
foresight (f) on a staff placed on a point whose height difference is
to be determined.
CENTERING OF BUBBLE:-

PERSON IN PHOTO: AJAY THAPPA (JE)

TAKING OF READINGS :-
MISCELLANEOUS WORK OF READINGS :-
PROCESS OF CUTTING AND FILLING :-
BITUMENEOUS ROAD CONSTRUCTION
WORK :-
 Types of Bitumen Mixes for Pavement Construction and
their Applications-

 Based on the nature of gradation selected for the bitumen

mixes, they can be classified into:

• Dense Graded Bitumen Mixes

• Semi-Dense Graded Bitumen Mixes
• Open Graded Bitumen Mixes
• Gap Graded Bitumen Mixes
1) Dense Graded Bitumen Mixes for Pavements:
• These mixes possess continuous gradation of all primary
aggregates. These particles are packed together.
• Here inter-particle surface friction is the reason behind their
property of strength gain.
• All most all possible flexible pavements constructed in the
world employ dense graded bitumen. 

2) Open Graded Bitumen Mixes :

• The open graded Bitumen Mixes have fine aggregates in a
minimum amount, hence they are very permeable to water
3) Semi-Dense Bituminous Concrete (SDBC) :
• The semi-dense bituminous concrete mixes have neither
dense or open graded characteristics. It consists of the so
called pessimum voids when they are fully constructed. The
word is an anonym of optimum. So, it is advised to make the
mix get rid of pessimum voids.
• These tend to capture moisture or water that will later cause
stripping. When the semi dense bituminous concrete is
employed above the bitumen macadam (BM) layer, there is
chances for the penetration of rainwater through the SDBC
and reach the BM.
4) Gap Graded Bitumen Mixes:
• The Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) is the most commonly
used gap graded bituminous mixes. With the increasing
traffic and the high pressure of tires of the vehicles will
give large stresses to the road pavement. The roads are
subjected to overloading conditions in certain cases.
• The stone matrix asphalt mix is tough, highly stable in
structure and rut resistant asphalt mix.
Bituminous road consist of their surface with bituminous materials
which is also called as Asphalt. It is sticky dark
viscous liquid obtained from natural deposits like crude petroleum.
LAYING OF SURFACE COARSE
 Advantages of Bituminous Road :-
• Generally Bituminous road do not develop cracks on the
surface for long period.
• Maintenance cost of this road is also very less.
• Bituminous road are waterproof, non-slippery, smooth, durable
and it provides comfortable road surface for the traffic.
• It can withstand the adverse natural effects caused by heavy
rain, excess heat and change in temperature.
 Disadvantages of Bituminous Road :
• The viscosity of the bitumen and aggregate mix plays
important role in defining the performance of bituminous road.

• If the bituminous material is used in excess than the value for

given mix, it effects the performance of the bituminous road.
ROAD CONSTRUCTION COMPLETED :-