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 Learning Intentions:
• Locate and collect relevant information and data from secondary sources
(ACHASSI095) (ACHASSI123)
• Interpret data to identify trends and to infer relationships (ACHASSI100)
(ACHASSI128)
• Identify the influence of people on the environmental characteristics of places
in Europe and North America (ACHASSK111)
• Identify differences in economic, demographic and social characteristics of
countries across the world (ACHASSK139)

Success Criteria
• I can locate and collect relevant information from a graph
• I can interpret data and identify trends and patterns in urbanisation rates over time
• I can identify the influence that urbanisation has had on different parts of the world
• I can identify differences in economic, demographic and social characteristics of
countries with different rates of urbanisation
 on ?
i s ati
ba n
Ur
at is
Wh Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of
people living in urban areas (towns and cities)
compared to those living in rural areas.

Urbanisation is indicated by a percentage.

For example, 86% of the population of Australia live in urban areas.

0% 86% 100%
 l l ey
s Va
du
In
The

The beginnings of urbanisation first took

place in the Indus Valley thousands of
years ago, when nomadic hunter-gatherer
communities formed settlements so they
could farm the land.

Small population centers soon grew as more and more people

decided to settle. This occurred in different places throughout the
world and slowly towns and cities began to form.
 t i o n
v o lu
lR e
s t ria
e I ndu
Th It was not until the Industrial Revolution, in the late 18th
century, with the invention of coal powered machinery, that
urbanisation really took hold. People flocked to the cities in
England, Europe and the United States in search of factory
work. A period of rapid urbanisation followed throughout
the 19th and early 20th centuries.
 s o f 6 )
at e 2 0 1
l R to
l oba (1500
G on
a ti
an is Percentage of total population living in
Urb urban area
100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2016

World Population

This graph shows a significant increase in urbanisation from 1800.

What historical event occurred at this time to cause the increase?

The Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)

 t i o n
i sa
er n
o d
M

During the 1800s and 1900s, the ‘industrialised’ countries of England,

Europe and the United States took raw materials from their colonies
in Asia, Africa and South America and used them to create a new
economy, with the help of their industrial machines.

As the world became more modernised, urbanisation increased and

spread to the rest of the world. Today, more than 55% of the world’s
population live in urban areas. In Australia, 86% of the population live
in urban areas.
 r om
n F
a ti o 1 6
ni s 2 1 0
b a o
Ur 500 t
1

This graph shows rates of urbanisation over time in different parts of the world.
Why did countries in Asia and Africa have slower rates of urbanisation than the
United States and Europe?

Asia and Africa were colonised and had no control over their economies.
 o f
s e s n
a u ti o
C
ni saThere are a number of reasons why urbanisation has
rb a occurred at such speed. Some of those reasons are based on
U
the notion that rural areas provide less opportunities than urban
areas. For example, rural areas have:

• Fewer opportunities for work

• Fewer opportunities for education

• Basic health care

• Less or more basic housing

• Less access to goods and services (eg.

sanitation and recreation)

These negative factors are called push factors, because they are pushing
people away from rural areas.
 o f
s e s n
a u t i o
C
n i sa
rb a Additionally, there are a number of opportunities that
U exist in cities which encourage people to move into them. For
example, urban areas provide greater opportunities for:

• Work

• Education

• Health care

• Housing

• Access to goods and services (e.g.

sanitation and transport)

These are called pull factors, because they are pulling

people towards the towns and cities.
 t ion
nis a
rb a
of U
ct s
Effe
The effects of urbanisation are vast and varied. They
include:
• Social factors

• Economic factors

• Environmental factors

These effects can have both negative and positive

consequences.
Can you think of any effects that may occur when large numbers of
people move into towns and cities?
 o f
e c ts
Eff n
ti ve at i o
si i s
Po rban
U Positive effects of urbanisation
include:
• Creation of employment • Higher rates of quality health
opportunities care

• Advances in technology • Improvements to gender equality

• Higher rates of access to clean

• Improved transport infrastructure
water and sanitation

• Improved communication • Economic growth

technology

• Higher rates of quality education

 of
c ts
E ff e
i v e t i o n
ga t i s a
Ne rban
U
Negative effects of urbanisation
include:
• Increased cost of living • Increased rates of urban crime

• Increased traffic congestion • Expansion of urban slums

• Increased levels of air pollution • Increased rates of inequality

between the rich and poor
• Increased levels of water
• Increased rates of
pollution
unemployment

• Increased rates of obesity

 ask
h T
a rc
se
Re

We can see that an increase in

urbanisation can have a positive or a
negative effect on the community.
Complete the attached research task
to find out more about these impacts
and share the information you find
with the rest of the class.