INTRAVENOUS THERAPY

IV therapy

It is an effective and efficient method of

supplying fluid directly into
intravenous fluid compartment
producing rapid effect with availability
of injecting large volume of fluid more
than other method of administration.
 Indications of IV therapy
Restore acid base balance
Administer medication
To provide parenteral nutrition
To provide avenue for dialysis
To transfuse blood products
To provide avenue for hemodynamic
monitoring- CVP monitoring
To provide avenue for diagnostic testing
To administer fluids and medications with
the ability to rapidly/accurately change blood
concentration levels by either continuous,
intermittent or IV push method.
Avoid extremities that has massive
edema, burns or injury
Avoid going through an area of
cellulitis; the area of infection should
not be punctured because of the risk
of inoculating deeper tissue or the
bloodstream with bacteria
Avoid extremities with a fistula
 Types of IV solution:

Type of IV solution

Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

 Isotonic solutions

 A solution that has the same salt

concentration as the normal cells of the body
and the blood.
 Ex:
1- 0.9% NaCl .
2- Ringer Lactate .
3- Blood Component .
4- D5W.
 Hypertonic solutions

 A solution with a higher salts concentration

than in normal cells of the body and the
blood.
 Ex:
1- D5W in normal
Saline solution .
2-D5W in half normal
Saline .
3- D10W.
 Hypotonic solutions

 A solution with a lower salts concentration

than in normal cells of the body and the
blood.
 EX:
1. 0.45% NaCl
2. 0.33% NaCl
 Vein Anatomy and Physiology

Veins are unlike arteries

in that they are
1)superficial,
2) display dark red
blood at skin surface
and
3) have no pulsation
Vein Anatomy
- Tunica Adventitia
- Tunica Media
- Tunica Intima
- Valves
 Tunica Adventitia
the outer layer of the vessel

Connective tissue

Contains the arteries

and veins supplying
blood to vessel wall
 Tunica Media
the middle layer of the vessel

Contains nerve endings

and muscle fibers

The vasoconstrictive
response occurs at this
layer
 Tunica Intima
the inner layer of the vessel

 One layer of endothelial

 No nerve endings

 Surface for platelet

aggregation
w/trauma and recognition
of
foreign object at this level

 PHLEBITIS begins here

 Veins of the Upper Extremities
Cephalic
-Starts at radial aspect of
wrist
-Access anywhere along
entire length (BEWARE of
radial artery/nerve)

Medial Cephalic
-Joins the Cephalic below
the elbow bend
-Accepts larger gauge
catheters, but may be a
difficult angle to hit and
maintain
 Veins of the Upper Extremities
 Basilic
- Originates from the ulnar
side of the metacarpal veins
and runs along the medial
aspect of the arm. It is often
overlooked because of its
location on the “back” of the
arm, but flexing the
elbow/bending the arm
brings this vein into view

 Medial Basilic
- Empties into the Basilic
vein running parallel to
tendons, so it is not always
well defined. Accepts larger
gauge catheters.
 MANAGING RISKS
AND COMPLICATIONS
OF IV THERAPY
 Procedure in IV insertion:

1. Verify written prescription.

2. Observe 12 rights in medication administration
3. Explain procedure.
4. Secure waiver.
5. Do hand hygiene.
6. Inspect the vascular access device for product
integrity prior to insertion.
7. Wear gloves.
8. Disinfect the site.
9. Apply tourniquet.
10. Check for radial pulse below tourniquet.
11. Using the appropriate IV cannula, pierce skin with
the correct technique.
12. Upon backflow visualization, continue inserting
the catheter into the vein.
13. Position the IV catheter parallel to the skin. Hold
stylet stationary and slowly advance the catheter.
14. Secure site utilizing the appropriate taping
technique.
15. Discard all waste material according to health care
waste management.
16. Remove gloves and perform hand hygiene.
17. Label dressing.
18. Document procedure.