VERBAL TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE: STRUCTURE

POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

I play I don’t play Do I play? Yes, I do / No, I don’t

You play You don’t play Do you play? Yes, you do / No, you don’t

He plays He doesn’t play Does he play? Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t

She plays She doesn’t play Does she play? Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t

It plays It doesn’t play Does it play? Yes, it does / No, it doesn’t

We play We don’t play Do we play? Yes, we, do / No, we don’t

You play You don’t play Do you play? Yes, you do / No, you don’t

They play They don’t play Do they play? Yes, they do / No, they don’t
PRESENT SIMPLE: USE
- Routines, habits:

I always get up at seven. (Me levanto siempre a las siete)

She has an English lesson on Tuesday. (Los martes tiene clase de inglés)

- Universal truths:

The sun rises in the East. (El sol sale por el este)

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

- Adverbs of frequency (always, often, sometimes, etc)

- Every time / month / year …

PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
STRUCTURE
POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

I am playing I am not playing Am I playing? Yes, I am / No, I am not

You are playing You aren’t playing Are you playing? Yes, you are / No, you aren’t

He is playing He isn’t playing Is he playing? Yes, he is / No, he isn’t

She is playing She isn’t playing Is she playing? Yes, she is / No, she isn’t

It is playing It isn’t playing Is it playing? Yes, it is / No, it isn’t

We are playing We aren’t playing Are we playing? Yes, we are / No, we aren’t

You are playing You aren’t playing Are you playing? Yes, you are / No, you aren’t

They are playing They aren’t playing Are they playing? Yes, they are / No, they aren’t
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: USE
- To talk about actions that are happening now:

I am studying at the moment. (Estoy estudiando en este momento)

We are preparing the dinner now. (Estamos preparando la cena ahora)

- Future arrangements:

You are having a meeting tomorrow. (Tienes una reunión mañana)

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

- At the moment, right now, now

- Tomorrow, tonight, next weekend, next summer, etc.

PAST SIMPLE: STRUCTURE
POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

I ate I didn’t eat Did I eat? Yes, I did / No, I didn’t

You ate You didn’t eat Did you eat? Yes, you did / No, you didn’t

He ate He didn’t eat Did he eat? Yes, he did / No, he didn’t

She ate She didn’t eat Did she eat? Yes, she did / No, she didn’t

It ate It didn’t eat Did it eat? Yes, it did / No, it didn’t

We ate We didn’t eat Did we eat? Yes, we did / No, we didn’t

You ate You didn’t eat Did you eat? Yes, you did / No, you didn’t

They ate They didn’t eat Did they eat? Yes, they did / No, they didn’t
PAST SIMPLE: USE
- To talk about past actions:

I had a party last night. (Tuve una fiesta anoche)

Yesterday we saw Tony. (Ayer vimos a Tony)

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

- Yesterday, last Monday, last summer, three years ago, in 1990, etc.
PAST CONTINUOUS: STRUCTURE
POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

I was cooking I wasn’t cooking Was I cooking? Yes, I was / No, I wasn’t

You were cooking You weren’t cooking Were you cooking? Yes, you were / No, you weren’t

He was cooking He wasn’t cooking Was he cooking? Yes, he was / No, he wasn’t

She was cooking She wasn’t cooking Was she cooking? Yes, she was / No, she wasn’t

It was cooking It wasn’t cooking Was it cooking? Yes, it was / No, it wasn’t

We were cooking We weren’t cooking Were we cooking? Yes, we were / No, we were

You were cooking You weren’t cooking Were you cooking? Yes, you were / No, you were

They were cooking They weren’t cooking Were they cooking? Yes, they were / No, they weren’t
PAST CONTINUOUS: USE
- To talk about action in progress in the past:

I was cooking pasta. (Estaba cocinando pasta)

- Actions that are interrupted by another action:

She was studying when the phone rang. (Estaba estudiando cuando el telefono sonó)

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

- When + past simple: I was having a shower when my mom arrived.

- While + past continuous: My mum arrived while I was having a shower.

PRESENT PERFECT: STRUCTURE
POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

I have played I haven’t played Have I played? Yes, I have / No, I haven’t

You have played You haven’t played Have you played? Yes, you have / No, you haven’t

He has played He hasn’t played Has he played? Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t

She has played She hasn’t played Has she played? Yes, she has / No, he hasn’t

It has played It hasn’t played Has it played? Yes, it has / No, it hasn’t

We have played We haven’t played Have we played? Yes, we have / No, we haven’

You have played You haven’t played Have you played? Yes, you have / No, you haven’t

They have played They haven’t played Have they played? Yes, they have / No, they haven’t
PRESENT PERFECT: USE
- Actions that started in the past and continue or are relevant to the present:

I have lived here since 2002. (Vivo aquí desde el 2002)

He hasn’t worked for three years. (Él no ha trabajado durante 3 años.)

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

⁃ For, since, already, yet, just, ever, recently, so far, always, never, etc.
PAST PERFECT: STRUCTURE
POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

I had played I hadn’t played Had I played? Yes, I had / No, I hadn’t

You had played You hadn’t played Had you played? Yes, you had / No, you hadn’t

He had played He hadn’t played Had he played? Yes, he had / No, he hadn’t

She had played She hadn’t played Had she played? Yes, she had / No, she hadn’t

It had played It hadn’t played Had it played? Yes, it had / No, it hadn’t

We had played We hadn’t played Had we played? Yes, we had / No, we hadn’t

You had played You hadn’t played Had you played? Yes, you had / No, you hadn’t

They had played They hadn’t played Had they played? Yes, they had / No, they hadn’t
PAST PERFECT: USE
- Actions that happened before another action in the past:

John had gone when I arrived. (John se había ido cuando llegué)

He was tired because he hadn’t slept well. (Estaba cansado porque no había dormido bien)

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
⁃ By the time, when, after, before, etc.
WILL: STRUCTURE
POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

I will travel I won’t travel Will I travel? Yes, I will / No, I won’t

You will travel You won’t travel Will you travel? Yes, you will / No, you won’t

He will travel He won’t travel Will he travel? Yes, he will / No, he won’t

She will travel She won’t travel Will she travel? Yes, she will / No, she won’t

It will travel It won’t travel Will it travel? Yes, it will / No, it won’t

We will travel We won’t travel Will we travel? Yes, we will / No, we won’t

You will travel You won’t travel Will you travel? Yes, you will / No, you won’t

They will travel They won’t travel Will they travel? Yes, they will / No, they won’t
WILL: USE
- Predictions:

I think she will win the match. (Creo que ganará el partido)

- Spontaneous decisions:

Yes, I will call you! (Sí, te llamaré)

- Offers / Promises:

I’ll help you! (Te ayudaré)

BE GOING TO: STRUCTURE
POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

I am going to study I am not going to study Am I going to study? Yes, I’am / No, I’m not

You are going to study You aren’t going to study Are you going to study? Yes, you are / No, you aren’t

He is going to study He isn’t going to study Is he going to study? Yes, he is / No, he isn’t

She is going to study She isn’t going to study Is she going to study? Yes, she is / No, she isn’t

It is going to study It isn’t going to study Is it going to study? Yes, it is / No, it isn’t

We are going to study We aren’t going to study Are we going to study? Yes, we are / No, we aren’t

You are going to study You aren’t going to study Are you going to study? Yes, you are / No, you aren’t

They are going to study They aren’t going to Are they going to study? Yes, they are / No, they aren’t
study
BE GOING TO: USE
- Plans or intentions:

I’m going to read a book this weekend. (Voy a leer un libro este fin de semana)

- Predictions based on evidence:

Look at these clouds! It is going to rain. (Mira las nubes. Va a llover)

FUTURE CONTINUOUS: STRUCTURE
POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

I will be studying I won’t be studying Will I be studying? Yes, I will / No, I won’t

You will be studying You won’t be studying Will you be studying? Yes, you will / No, you won’t

He will be studying He won’t be studying Will he be studying? Yes, he will / No, he won’t

She will be studying She won’t be studying Will she be studying? Yes, she will / No, she won’t

It will be studying It won’t be studying Will it be studying? Yes, it will / No, it won’t

We will be studying We won’t be studying Will we be studying? Yes, we will / No, we won’t

You will be studying You won’t be studying Will you be studying? Yes, you will / No, you won’t

They will be studying They won’t be studying Will they be studying? Yes, they will / No, they won’t
FUTURE CONTINUOUS: USE
- To talk about actions that will be in progress in a specific moment in the future:

Tomorrow at 9, I will be flying to India. (Mañana a las nueve, estaré volando a India)

I won’t be studying this time next week. (No estaré estudiando la semana que viene)

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

- At this time tomorrow, on Thursday, etc.

FUTURE PERFECT: STRUCTURE
POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

I will have studied I won’t have studied Will I have studied Yes, I will / No, I won’t

You will have studied You won’t have studied Will you have studied Yes, you will / No, you won’t

He will have studied He won’t have studied Will he have studied Yes, he will / No, he won’t

She will have studied She won’t have studied Will she have studied Yes, she will / No, she won’t

It will have studied It won’t have studied Will it have studied Yes, it will / No, it won’t

We will have studied We won’t have studied Will we have studied Yes, we will / No, we won’t

You will have studied You won’t have studied Will you have studied Yes, you will / No, you won’t

They will have studied They won’t have studied Will they have studied Yes, they will / No, they won’t
FUTURE PERFECT: USE
- To talk about actions that will be completed in a certain time in the future:

By 2024, I will have saved enough money to buy a car. (En 2024, habré ahorrado suficiente dinero
para comparme un coche)

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

- by this time next week, by three o’clock, by then, by August, in four months, etc.