17

Developing the Business Tier with

Web Services

Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do

the following:
• Define Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
• Describe the benefits of Web services
• Identify Web services components
• Create a Web service
• Utilize a Web service from a client

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 What Is Service-Oriented
Architecture (SOA)?

SOA is a software design pattern that implements a set

of reusable services by using standard elements:

Service
registry
Service
description

Communication protocol

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 SOA: Development Life Cycle

Integrate

Orchestrate
Develop

Secure

Change
Manage
Monitor

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 What Is a Web Service?

A Web service is:

• A software component whose technology is based
on a set of standards for building interoperable
distributed applications
• A set of self-describing business functions
• Service oriented
• Component based

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 Benefits of Web Services

• Distributed component model with interoperability

• XML format for representing data. The request and
response messages are in the XML format.
• Programming language independent
• Easily accessible with standard protocols such as
HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, and FTP
• Communication through firewalls
• Existing components can be exposed as
Web Services to save development time
• Different communication styles:
– RPC style (synchronous)
– Message style (asynchronous)

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 Web Services and SOA

Web services are a technology that can be used in

SOA:

Service
registry
(UDDI) Service
description
(WSDL)

Communication protocol (SOAP)

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 Web Services Model

Client application 2
Find
XML interface (WSDL)
Web Services
directory
(UDDI)
3 SOAP 1
Invoke Publish

XML interface (WSDL)

Web service

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 Anatomy of a Service

Service Service
interface implementation

New service
Service consumer

Wrapped
legacy

Interface Proxy

Composite
service

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 Defining Web Services

• A Web service is:

– A self-describing business function
– A small application sending data to a Web browser using
Web services
Request

Response
Web browser Web Service

• Web services:
– Refer to a standard set of platform independent
messaging protocols (SOAP, HTTP, JMS)
– Enable connections between services from any
Web-connected device
– Exchange data and functionality in XML format

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 Basic Web Services

Points to
UDDI description
registry WSDL

Describes and
Finds
Points to
service
Web Service

Web Service SOAP Web Service

client (J2EE, PL/SQL,
(J2EE, .NET, .NET,C/C++,
PL/SQL …) Invokes with Legacy …)
XML messages

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 Two Development Use Cases

Bottom-Up Top-Down/Contract Driven

WSDL WSDL

Service Service
implementation implementation

Example: EJB/Java Example: WSDL contract as the

class to WSDL interface and message description

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 JAX-RPC

• Core Web services standard for Java:

– Enables portability across containers
– Standard class and interface structure for client and
server
– Various hook points for custom serializers, custom
handlers, attachments
• Tools must provide abstractions to handle service
as a set of classes.
– Navigator structure for quick location
– Wizard support for declarative definition

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 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)

• Supports RPC or message-oriented information

exchange
• Features:
SOAP header
– Protocol independence
– Language independence
SOAP body
– Platform independence
– Attachments (MIME)
• Message consists of envelope
containing header (optional)
and body

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 Web Services Definition
Language (WSDL)

• Is a definition language to define Web service

interfaces and how to invoke them
• Is an XML Schema for defining Web services:
– Service interface definition: Describes what
message must be sent and what message is
returned
– Service implementation definition: Describes to
which address the message must be sent
• Allows both the messages and the operations on
the messages to be defined abstractly in XML
• Answers three key questions about a Web service:
– What does a service do?
– How is a service accessed?
– Where is a service located?

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 Web Services Definition
Language (WSDL)
<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8” ?>
<definitions name=“Hello” ...
targetNamespace=“http://tempuri.org/Hello.wsdl” ...>
<types>
<schema targetNamespace=“http://tempuri.org/Hello.xsd
...
xmlns:xsd=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema” />
</types>
<message name=“sayHelloOutput”>... </message>
<message name=“sayHelloInput”> ... </message>
<portType name=“HelloPortType>
<operation name=“sayHello”> .... </operation>
</portType>
<binding name=“HelloBinding”>
<operation> <input>..</input> <output>..</output>
</operation> </binding>
<service ..> <port> <soap:address location=“..” />
</port>
</service>
</definitions>

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 Anatomy of a WSDL Document

A <portType> A <service>
has a number of describes describes
<operation> with input the <port> and
and output. <soap:address> for a
specific <binding>.

A <message> A <binding>
composed of <types> describes
describes the structure <soap:binding>
of an <operation>. style of an
<operation>.

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 Other Web Service Features

• Run and test

• Deploy
• Use Http Analyzer
• Test for WS-I
compliance
– WSDL
– Running service
• Quality of Service
– Reliability, security
– Auditing, logging

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 Using Http Analyzer

• Sets “dummy” proxy Next/Previous Resend

• Intercepts messages
• Configurable

Headers

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 Why Web Services and Applications?

abstraction
Binding

Facade
UI Business
Generation Service

BPEL Rules
Engine Engine

Client Application server(s) Database

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 UDDI Registry

• Is an online electronic registry for registering

businesses and Web services
• Is a specification for description and discovery
• Supports the Publishing and Inquiry APIs to
publish and
inquire about a
Web service

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 Options for Located Web Service

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 UDDI Publishing and Browsing with
Oracle Enterprise Manager

Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Application Server

Control, you can:
• Browse and register services within the UDDI
registry
• Publish Web services and deploy them to a
Java EE container
• Monitor and administer Web services

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 Oracle Application Server 10g
Web Services
Oracle Application Server
10g Web Services can be
implemented as any of the
following:
• Stateless and stateful
Java classes
• Stateless PL/SQL
packages or Web
services
• Stateless session
Enterprise JavaBeans
(EJBs)
• Java Message Service
(JMS) destinations

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 Developing a Web Service
with a Stateless Java Class

To develop a Web service with a stateless Java class,

perform the following steps:
1. Define an interface.
2. Define a stateless Java class.
3. Generate an .ear file.
4. Deploy the generated .ear file to Oracle
Application Server 10g.

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 Defining an Interface

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 Defining a Stateless Java Class

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 Creating the Web Service

Invoking JDeveloper’s
Create Web Service
Wizard

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 Examining the Web Service Files

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 Deploying the Web Service
Options:
• To embedded OC4J
• Directly to application server
• To WAR or EAR file

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 Web Service Home Page

A Web service home page provides:

• A link to the service definition (WSDL file)
• Links to Web service test pages to test the
available operations of the Web service
• A link to the Web service client-side proxy JAR
• A link to the Web service client-side proxy source

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 Testing the Deployed Web Service
with Home Page

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 Testing the sayHello Operation

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 Exposing and Publishing a PL/SQL
Package as a Web Service

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 Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

• Describe a Web service in terms of
Service-Oriented Architecture
• Describe that Web services employ a distributed
component model, use XML, and are programming
language independent
• Create, publish, find, and invoke a Web service
• Describe how WSDL is used to define a WS
functionality, how it communicates, and where it is
accessible
• Describe how the UDDI registry supports
publishing and inquiry about Web services

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 Practice Overview:
Creating a Web Service

This practice covers the following topics:

• Developing a Web service
• Consuming a Web service

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