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Preparation & characterization of Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)

nanocomposites with rGO for removal of organic pollutants.

Supervisor Name:
Dr. Hina Abid
Name:
Abdul Munaf
ROLL No:
223609586
Introduction

Water pollution, is mainly caused by Organic Toxins.

Organic pollutants, phenol derivatives like nitrophenol, bromophenol and
chlorophenol due to their solubility, stability and resistance to
degrade/mineralization have attained the particular attention .

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 Cont..
Organic toxins are used in different industries:
photographic
and electronics
industries

chemical Organic petroleum

refinery's
plants
toxins industries

pesticide
manufacturing
industries
Cont..
Conventional
methods such as
filtration, The
precipitation, photocatalysis
membrane approach was
filtration unable successfully
to remove these employed as an
organic toxins, effective tool
which are for the
recommended degradation of
in wastewater organic toxins
up to < 1 ppm
 Advantages of
photocatalysis
Contaminants are degraded rather than
transferred from one phase to another

Faster degradation rates are accomplished

Environment friendly

Capability to operate at ambient conditions

No waste disposal

Natural sunlight and atmospheric oxygen utilized to

generate reactive oxygen species
 Photocatalysis
Photocatalysis is based on
use of proper
photocatalyst which upon
excitation give rise to
reactive species and
involve:
i) Photoexcitation
ii) Charge separation and
migration
iii) Surface oxidation
reduction reactions
Mechanism
Rgo as photocatalyst

Among all carbon based functional

material Rgo is most functional
material due to
• Relative ease of synthsesis
• Large surface area
• nontoxic nature
• environmental friendly
 Problem statement

• High hydrophobic nature

• Non dispersibility in water
• Application of Rgo in pure form is limited
• Result in low efficiency rate
• These problems can be solved by
modifying the photocatalyst through
composites formation
Composites of Rgo with PVC

Leads to surface modification

Improving the efficiency

Enhance the conducting, optical and

electrical properties

Modified Rgo thus an appropriate

alternative for removal of organic effluents
 Literature Review
Title References

Room temperature synthesis of GO/Ag2O nanocomposite: Broad spectral ranged solar photocatalyst Dutta et al. (2022)
and high efficacy antibiotic for waste water treatment

Behavior of ZnO-doped TiO2/rGO nanocomposite for water treatment enhancement Bao et al. (2021)

Effect of coagulation treatment on antifouling properties of PVC nanocomposite membrane in a Etemadi et al. (2021)
submerged membrane system for water treatment

Polyvinyl alcohol/polyethersulfone thin-film nanocomposite membranes with carbon Behdarvand et al.(2021)

nanomaterials incorporated in substrate for water treatment

Influence of Anionic Surfactants on the Fundamental Properties of Polymer/Reduced Vipul et al.(2021)

Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films

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 Objectives of Present Study

Synthesis of modified PVC/Rgo nanocomposites

Optical, structural, and morphological

characterizations by DRS, XRD, SEM, PL, XPS,
FTIR and Raman spectroscopy.

Evaluation and optimization of removal activity of

the synthesized modifies PVC/Rgo nanocomposites
for the removal of Triclosan, acetaminophen,
Metoprolol and carbamazdepine.by RSM
 Hypothesis

• The synthesized PVC/Rgo nano composites

may become a potent candidate for removal of
organic toxins by sunlight mediated
photocatalysis.
 Plan of Work

Synthesis of Photocatalytic
Nanocomposite Evaluation
Characterization
s

Pvc/Rgo Optical Structural Photodegradation

Characterization Characterization Of organic toxins

Diffused
Photoluminesc
Reflectance
ence Analysis
Spectroscopy
Monitored by
UV-Visible
Spectrophoto
meter
Recombination XRD
Band gap
rate
 Refrences
• Donya, H.; Taha, T. A.; Alruwaili, A.; Tomsah, I. B. I.; & Ibrahim, M., Micro-
structure and optical spectroscopy of PVA/iron oxide polymer nanocomposites.
Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2020, 9(4), 9189-9194
• Bao HV, Dat NM, Giang TH, Thinh DB, Tai LT, Trinh DN, Hai ND,Khoa AD, Huong
LM, Nam HM, Phong MT, Hieu NH (2021)Behavior of ZnO-doped TiO2/rGO
nanocomposite for water treatment enhancement. Surf Interfaces 23:100950
• Etemadi H, Qazvini H, Shokri E (2021) Effect of coagulation treatment on
antifouling properties of PVC nanocomposite membrane in a submerged membrane
system for water treatment. Water Sci Eng 14:295–303
 Cont…..
• Valamohammadi E, Behdarvand F, Tofighy MA, Mohammadi T (2020)Preparation of
positively charged thin-film nanocomposite membranes based on the reaction
between hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile containing carbon nanomaterials and HPEI for
water treatment application. Sep Purif Technol 242:116826
• Vipul Agarwal − Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design(CAMD), School of
Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales
2052, Australia;
• Dutta K, Saraffin RS, Dutta B, Datta A, Kapuria A, Ghosh S, Khan F, Das S, Saha SK
(2022) Room temperature synthesis of GO/Ag2O nanocomposite: Broad spectral
ranged solar photocatalyst and high efficacy antibiotic for waste water treatment. J
Environ Chem Eng 10:107175