10-4 Hyperbolas

10-4 Hyperbolas

Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz

Holt
Holt Algebra
Algebra 22
10-4 Hyperbolas

Warm Up
Multiply both sides of each equation by
the least common multiple to eliminate
the denominators.

x
2
– y2 = 1 2 2
1. 4 4x – 9y = 36
9
2
y2 – x =1 2 2
2. 16y – 25x = 400
25 16

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas

Objectives
Write the standard equation for a
hyperbola.
Graph a hyperbola, and identify its
center, vertices, co-vertices, foci, and
asymptotes.

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas

Vocabulary
hyperbola
focus of a hyperbola
branch of a hyperbola
transverse axis
vertices of a hyperbola
conjugate axis
co-vertices of a hyperbola

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas

What would happen if you pulled the two foci of an

ellipse so far apart that they moved outside the
ellipse? The result would be a hyperbola, another
conic section.

A hyperbola is a set of points P(x, y) in a plane such

that the difference of the distances from P to fixed
points F1 and F2, the foci, is constant. For a hyperbola,
d = |PF1 – PF2 |, where d is the constant difference. You
can use the distance formula to find the equation of a
hyperbola.

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Example 1: Using the Distance Formula to Find the
Constant Difference of a Hyperbola
Find the constant difference for a hyperbola with foci
F1 (–8, 0) and F2 (8, 0) and the point on the hyperbola (8, 30).
d = |PF1 – PF2 | Definition of the constant difference
of a hyperbola.
Distance Formula

Substitute.

Simplify.
d=4
The constant difference is 4.
Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Check It Out! Example 1
Find the constant difference for a hyperbola with foci
F1 (0, –10) and F2 (0, 10) and the point on the hyperbola (6, 7.5).

d = |PF1 – PF2 | Definition of the constant difference of a

hyperbola.
Distance Formula

Substitute.

Simplify.
d = 12
The constant difference is 12.
Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas

As the graphs in the following table show, a hyperbola

contains two symmetrical parts called branches.
A hyperbola also has two axes of symmetry. The
transverse axis of symmetry contains the vertices
and, if it were extended, the foci of the hyperbola. The
vertices of a hyperbola are the endpoints of the
transverse axis.
The conjugate axis of symmetry separates the two
branches of the hyperbola. The co-vertices of a
hyperbola are the endpoints of the conjugate axis.
The transverse axis is not always longer than the
conjugate axis.

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas

The standard form of the equation of a hyperbola

depends on whether the hyperbola’s transverse axis is
horizontal or vertical.

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas

The values a, b, and c, are related by the equation c2

= a2 + b2. Also note that the length of the transverse
axis is 2a and the length of the conjugate is 2b.

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Example 2A: Writing Equations of Hyperbolas

Write an equation in standard form for each

hyperbola.

Step 1 Identify the form of

the equation.

The graph opens horizontally, so the equation

x2 y2 = 1
will be in the form of – 2 .
a2 b

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Example 2A Continued

Step 2 Identify the center and the vertices.

The center of the graph is (0, 0), and the
vertices are (–6, 0) and (6, 0), and the co-
vertices are (0, –6), and (0, 6). So a = 6, and
b = 6.

Step 3 Write the equation.

Because a = 6 and b = 6, the equation of the
graph is
x2 – y2 = 1, or x2 – y 2
= 1.
62 62 36 36
Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Example 2B: Writing Equations of Hyperbolas

Write an equation in standard form for each

hyperbola.
The hyperbola with center at the origin,
vertex (4, 0), and focus (10, 0).

Step 1 Because the vertex and the focus are on the

horizontal axis, the transverse axis is
horizontal and the equation is in the form
2
x2 – y = 1 .
2 2
a b

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Example 2B Continued

Step 2 Use a = 4 and c = 10; Use c2 = a2 + b2 to

solve for b2.
2 2
102 = 4 + b Substitute 10 for c, and 4 for a.
2
84 = b
2
x2 – y = 1.
Step 3 The equation of the hyperbola is
16 84

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Check It Out! Example 2a
Write an equation in standard form for each
hyperbola.
Vertex (0, 9), co-vertex (7, 0)
Step 1 Because the vertex is on the vertical
axis, the transverse axis is vertical and the
y
equation is in the form 2 –
2 x 2

2
= 1.
a b
Step 2 a = 9 and b = 7.
Step 3 Write the equation.
Because a = 9 and b = 7, the equation of the
graph is y2 – x2 = 1, or y2 – x2
= 1.
2
92 7 81 49
Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Check It Out! Example 2b
Write an equation in standard form for each
hyperbola.
Vertex (8, 0), focus (10, 0)

Step 1 Because the vertex and the focus are on

the horizontal axis, the transverse axis is
horizontal and the equation is in the form
x2 – y2 = 1 .
a2 b2

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Check It Out! Example 2b Continued

Step 2 a = 8 and c = 10; Use c2 = a2 + b2 to solve for

b2 .
102 = 82 + b2 Substitute 10 for c, and 8 for a.

2
36 = b

2
Step 3 The equation of the hyperbola is x2 – y = 1.
64 36

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas

As with circles and ellipses, hyperbolas do not have

to be centered at the origin.

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Example 3A: Graphing a Hyperbola

Find the vertices, co-vertices, and asymptotes of

each hyperbola, and then graph.

x2 – y2 = 1
49 9
x
2
– y2 = 1
Step 1 The equation is in the form
a2 b2
so the transverse axis is horizontal
with center (0, 0).

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Example 3A Continued

Step 2 Because a = 7 and b = 3, the vertices are

(–7, 0) and (7, 0) and the co-vertices are
(0, –3) and (0, 3).
Step 3 The equations of the asymptotes are
3 3
y= x and y = – x.
7 7

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Example 3A Continued

Step 4 Draw a box by using

the vertices and co-
vertices. Draw the
asymptotes through
the corners of the box.

Step 5 Draw the hyperbola

by using the vertices
and the asymptotes.

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Example 3B: Graphing a Hyperbola

Find the vertices, co-vertices, and asymptotes of

each hyperbola, and then graph.
(x – 3)2 – (y + 5)2= 1
9 49

Step 1 The equation is in the form

(x – h)2 – (y – k)2 = 1
, so
a2 b2
the transverse axis is horizontal
with center (3, –5).

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Example 3B Continued

Step 2 Because a = 3 and b =7, the

vertices are (0, –5) and (6, –5)
and the co-vertices are (3, –12)
and (3, 2) .

Step 3 The equations of the asymptotes are

7 7
y+5= (x – 3) and y = – (x – 3).
3 3

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Example 3B Continued

Step 4 Draw a box by using

the vertices and co-
vertices. Draw the
asymptotes through
the corners of the box.

Step 5 Draw the hyperbola

by using the vertices
and the asymptotes.

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Check It Out! Example 3a

Find the vertices, co-vertices, and asymptotes of

each hyperbola, and then graph.
2
x2 – y = 1
16 36
x 2
y2 = 1
Step 1 The equation is in the form 2 – 2
so
a b
the transverse axis is horizontal with center
(0, 0).

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Check It Out! Example 3a Continued

Step 2 Because a = 4 and b = 6, the vertices are

(4, 0) and (–4, 0) and the co-vertices are
(0, 6) and . (0, –6).

Step 3 The equations of the asymptotes are

3 3
y= x and y = – x .
2 2

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Check It Out! Example 3

Step 4 Draw a box by using

the vertices and co-
vertices. Draw the
asymptotes through
the corners of the box.

Step 5 Draw the hyperbola

by using the vertices
and the asymptotes.

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Check It Out! Example 3b

Find the vertices, co-vertices, and asymptotes of

each hyperbola, and then graph.
(y + 5)2– (x – 1)2= 1
1 9

Step 1 The equation is in the form

(y – k)2 – (x – h)2 = 1
so
a2 b2
the transverse axis is vertical with
center (1, –5).

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Check It Out! Example 3b Continued

Step 2 Because a = 1 and b =3, the vertices are

(1, –4) and (1, –6) and the co-vertices
are (4, –5) and (–2, –5).

Step 3 The equations of the asymptotes are

1 1
y+5= (x – 1) and y + 5 = – (x – 3).
3 3

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Check It Out! Continued

Step 4 Draw a box by using

the vertices and co-
vertices. Draw the
asymptotes through
the corners of the box.

Step 5 Draw the hyperbola

by using the vertices
and the asymptotes.

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas

Notice that as the parameters change, the graph

of the hyperbola is transformed.

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Lesson Quiz: Part I

1. Find the constant difference for a hyperbola

with foci (–3.5, 0) and (3.5, 0) and a point on
the hyperbola (3.5, 24).
1

2. Write an equation in standard form for a

hyperbola with center hyperbola (4, 0), vertex
(10, 0), and focus (12, 0).

Holt Algebra 2
10-4 Hyperbolas
Lesson Quiz Part II

3. Find the vertices, co-vertices, and asymptotes

of , then graph.
vertices: (–6, ±5); co-vertices (6, 0), (–18, 0);
5
asymptotes: y = ± (x + 6)
12

Holt Algebra 2