EARTH AND LIFE

SCIENCE
Quarter 2 - Module 9
Introduction to Life Science
Prepared by Engr. Vincent Niño E. Bayotlang
The Origin and
Early Forms of Life
OBJECTIVE
At the end of this module, learners are expected to:
• Explain the evolving concept of life based on
emerging pieces of evidence
 Origin of Life
Theories
• There were many theories on the origin of life.
• These theories may have or may have not scientific
basis.
• Examples of theories: Theory of Special Creation, Theory
of Panspermia or the Extraterrestrial Origin, Theory of
Spontaneous Generation, Theory of Evolution, Theory of
Biogenesis, Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vent Theory, and
Theory of Biochemical Evolution.
 Origin of Life
Theories
Theory of
Special Creation

• According to this theory, life

was created by supernatural
divine forces.
• This theory accounts that God
created life as written in the
bible.
Origin of Life
Theories
Theory of
Panspermia
• Another possibility proposes
that cosmic dust may have
carried significant amounts of
complex organic molecules to
Earth.
 Origin of Life
Theories
Theory of Spontaneous
generation (Abiogenesis)
• Life may have evolved from
inanimate matter associated to
molecules and became complex.
The complexity of the molecules
culminated in the evolution of
cells.
Origin of Life
Theories
Theory of Evolution

• The theory of evolution

encompasses the well established
scientific view that organic life on
our planet has changed over long
periods of time and continues to
change by a process known as
natural selection.
 Early forms of Life
• The first form of life is believed to have appeared 3.5
billion years ago.
• Paleontologists - scientists who study fossils
• Paleontologists found microscopic living cells known
as microfossils in rocks that formed 3.5 billion years
ago after Earth cooled and solidified using radioisotope
dating
Figure 1. Example of microfossils of Sulphur-metabolizing cells in 3.4-billion-year-old
rocks of Western Australia
 Early forms of Life
• Cyanobacteria – the ONLY photosynthetic bacteria that
has oxygen-producing pathway.
 How did multicellular
organisms evolve?
• Multicellular organisms are believed to have evolved
from unicellular eukaryotes.
Single Multicellular Multicellular
eukaryotic cells aggregates organisms

• Charles Darwin said that organisms change over time

as a result of adaptation to their environment in order to
survive.
Rise of the eukaryotes

• Eukaryotic cells are

defined as cells
containing organized
nucleus and organelles
which are enveloped by
membrane-bound
organelles.
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Eukaryotic cells contain
membrane-bound organelles
while prokaryotic cells do not.
Prokaryotes were the only form
of life on Earth for millions of
years until more complicated
eukaryotic cells came into
being through the process of
evolution.
 Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

‘pro’= pre, ‘karyon’=nucleus ‘eu’ = true , ‘karyon’= nucleus

Originated about 3.5 billion years ago Originated about 1.2 billion years ago

Primitive forms Advanced

Unicellular Multicellular

No nucleus True nucleus present

Small in size Larger in Size

Non-bounded membrane Membrane-bounded

16
  Eukaryotic Organelles and Description
Other Organelles Description
Ribosomes Makes protein
Golgi Apparatus Makes and does the packaging and processing of
proteins
Lysosomes It contains enzymes to help break the food down
Endoplasmic Transports items around the cell
Reticulum
Vacuole For water or food storage
Chloroplasts Present in plants only; uses sunlight to make food
through photosynthesis
Cell wall Rigid; supports the cell
END
Thank you for listening!!!