ADGITM

MECHANICAL & AUTOMATION ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT

PRESENTATION ON AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

Introduction to an Automobile
Automobile:- An Automobile is self propelled
vehicle driven by an internal combustion and is used
for transportation of passengers and goods on ground.
History of the Automobile:-
 In 1769, a French Engineer Captain Nicholas Cugnot,
built the first road vehicle propelled by its own
power.
 It was a three wheeler, four seater vehicle fitted with

a steam engine.
First vehicle fitted with a Steam Engine
 In 1880, German and French efforts developed an I.C. Engine
vehicle, which is used to carry fruits.
 In 1885, Benz in Germany built a tricycle propelled by an I.C.
Engine.
 In 1885-86, Gottlieb Daimler patented an First gasoline
Engine in Germany.
 In 1894, Panhard and Levassor in France developed a car
which incorporated the chief features of the modern
automobile.
 In 1897, First car arrived in India.
Automobile in India
 In India the first motor car appeared in 1897,
 India was the importer of automobiles.
 The late Bharat Ratna Sir M. Vivesvaraya made an
automobile industry in India,
 In 1943 and 1944 two automobile Factories i.e.
Hindustan Motors Ltd.,Calcutta and Premier
Automobile ltd., Bombay were set up in India.
COMPONENTS OF AN AUTOMOBILE
1. BASIC STRUCTURE
 Frame
 Suspension system
 Axles
 Wheels

2. POWER PLANT
3.TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 Clutch
 Gear Box ( Transmission)
 Universal joint
 Differential
REAR WHEEL DRIVE
LAYOUT OF FOUR WHEEL DRIVE
MAIN PARTS OF I.C.ENGINE
 CYLINDER HEAD
 PISTON AND PISTON RINGS
 CONNECTING ROD
 CRANK SHAFT
 GUDGEON PIN
 CRANK CASE
 FLYWHEEL
 CARBURETOR & SPARK PLUG
 FUEL PUMP & NOZZLE
Power Developing System: The Engine

The power developing system can be classified on the basis of:

On the basis of fuel used:
 Petrol engine
 Diesel engine
 Gas engine
On the no. of strokes used:
 Four stroke engine
 Two stroke engine
Engine cylinders arrangement:

 Inline Engines

 Opposed Cylinders Engine

 V-type Engine
On the basis of thermodynamic cycle:
 Otto cycle
 Diesel cycle
 Dual cycle
Method of ignition of fuel:
 Spark ignition system
 Compression ignition system
Method of cooling;
 Water cooled engines
 Air cooled engines
INLINE ENGINE
OPPOSED CYLINDER ENGINE
V TYPE ENGINE
INTRODUCTION OF I.C. ENGINE
TWO STROKE CYCLE ENGINE
FOUR STROKE CYCLE ENGINE
 Two Stroke Cycle Engine
 The working cycle of the engine is completed in two
strokes of the piston or one revolution of the crankshaft.
 In this engine the valves are replaced by the ports.
Two Stroke Diesel Engine
Port time diagram for 2-stroke diesel engine
TWO STROKE CYCLE ENGINE
WORKING OF FOUR- STROKE PETROL
ENGINE

 The working cycle is completed in 4 strokes or in 2 revolutions of crank .

 It is based on the OTTO CYCLE

 The four strokes are:

 Suction Stroke (-ve work done)

 Compression Stroke (-ve work done)

 Power Stroke/ Expansion Stroke ( +ve work done)

 Exhaust Stroke (-ve work)

Suction Stroke
 with pistons moving downwards and opening of the inlet
valve creates suction of the air-fuel mixture.
Compression Strokes
 With closing of Inlet valve, the area above the piston gets closed.
The piston moves up resulting in compression of the air-fuel
mixture in a confined space.
 Combustion Process
At this stage a spark is fired by the spark-plug resulting in
instantaneous burning of petrol resulting in an explosion. This
causes heat to release resulting in generation of expanding forces
known as power.
 Power Stroke
 These forces again push the pistons downwards resulting in
their reciprocating motion.
 Exhaust Stroke –
 On their way up, the pistons push the exhaust gases above
them thru’ the exhaust valve which opens during the exhaust
stroke
P-Θ DIAGRAM FOR 4 STROKE ENGINE
FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE
P.V. DIAGRAM & T.S. DIAGRAM
Valve timing diagram
SPARK PLUG
INTRODUCTION TO CLUTCHES
 CLUTCH
 To engage and disengage the engine to the
transmission.

 When the clutch engaged, the power flows

from engine to the rear wheels through
transmission.

 When it is disengaged, the power is not

transmitted to the rear wheels.

 Clutch works on the principles of friction.

TYPES OF CLUTCHES
 Single Plate Clutch
 Multiplate Clutch
 Centrifugal Clutch
 Cone Clutch
 Coil-spring Clutch
 Diaphragm – Spring Clutch.
 Double Disk Clutch.
SINGLE PLATE CLUTCH
SINGLE PLATE CLUTCH
MULTI PLATE CLUTCH
CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCH
 This clutch is centrifugal force instead of spring force
for keeping the clutch in engaged position.
 It does not require clutch pedal to operate the clutch.

The clutch is operated automatically depending upon

the engine speed.
Advantages-
 1. No clutch pedal is required to operate the clutch
 2. It is operated automatically depending upon the

engine speed.
CENTRIFUAGAL CLUTCH
CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCH
 CONE CLUTCH
 It consists of friction surfaces in the form of cones.
 A female cone is mounted on the engine shaft while a male cone is
mounted on the splined clutch shaft.
ADVANTAGES:
 The normal force acting on the friction (contact) surfaces is greater than
the axial force, as compared to the single plate clutch in which the normal
force acting on the friction surfaces is equal to the axial force.
DISADVANTAGES
 1. If the angle of cone is made smaller than 20°, the male cone tends to
bind in the female cone and it becomes difficult to disengage the clutch.
 2. A small amount of wear on the cone surfaces results in a considerable
amount of axial movement of the male cone which it will be difficult to
allow.
CONE CLUTCH
DIAPHRAGM – SPRING CLUTCH
COIL-SPRING CLUTCH
DOUBLE DISK CLUTCH
Thank you