Radar in

Defense
Application
 Rohit Kumar Meena IEC2020076

Yuvraj Singh IEC2020133

Yashpalsinh Chauhan IEC2020134

Team
Members
Manish Kumar IEC2020135
Radar
• System that uses electromagnetic
sensors for detecting, locating,
tracking, and recognizing objects
of various kinds at considerable
distances.
Working Of
Radar
• It operates by transmitting
electromagnetic energy
toward objects, commonly
referred to as targets, and
observing the echoes returned
from them.
Fact
• During World War II
British and U.S.
researchers developed a
high-powered microwave
radar system for military
use.
Major Applications
• Radar is used today in identification and
monitoring of artificial satellites in Earth
orbit, as a navigational aid for airplanes and
marine vessels, for air traffic control around
major airports, for monitoring local weather
systems, and for spotting “speeders.”
Advantages
RADAR can penetrate mediums such as clouds, fogs, mist, and
snow. 

RADAR signal can penetrate insulators. 

It is cheaper as compared to other systems. 

RADAR signals can target several objects simultaneously. 

It allows for 3D Imaging based on the various angles of

return. 
Disadvatages
• RADAR takes more time to lock on an
object. 
• Large objects that are close to the
Transmitter can saturate the receiver.
•  It cannot differentiate the colour of the
object. 
• It can be oversensitive.
Radar Application
In Defence
• Used for Air defense
• Navigation
• Military Air Traffic Control
• Ship Navigation and Safety
• Search and rescue
• Fire control radars
• Identification of moving target
Air Defence
• Military radars are used to
cover all fixed, mobile, and
transportable 2-D and 3-D
systems used in the air
defense mission. JORN is
currently the world’s largest
air defense radar.
Battlefield, Missile Control,
and Ground Surveillance:

• These radars also include battlefield surveillance, tracking, fire-

control, and weapons-locating radar systems, whether fixed,
mobile, transportable, or man-portable.
• A few examples of search and targeting radars are the F-5 Tiger
II, APQ-159 and its replacement upgrade, the NEMESIS
MESA Radar, as well as the F-16 Fighting Falcon,
APG-66/APG-68 and its replacement upgrade, the Delta Radar
System.
Navigation:

• These radars consist of ship-

borne surface search and air
search radars as well as land-
based coastal surveillance radars.
These are part of radar-based
fire-control and weapons
guidance systems.
Military Air Traffic
Control:

The military also uses radar for air traffic control just like the civilian radars.
These include both land-based and ship-borne ATC radar systems used for
assisting aircraft landing, and supporting test and evaluation activities on test
ranges. For example

The ALR-69 is designed to warn the pilot via an audio alarm and graphically
present on the RWR display the direction and nature of the threat it detects. It
determines the identity of the radar signal by comparing its signature to a
database of known threats in order to determine if the source is friend or foe. The
ALR-69 will also activate the appropriate countermeasures response to address
an immediate threat.
Identification of
moving target

• This is mainly done by a radar known as

Moving Target Identification (MTI). By
sensing Doppler frequencies, MTI radar
can differentiate echoes of a moving
target from stationary objects and
clutter, and reject the clutter. Its
waveform is a train of pulses with a low
PRR to avoid range ambiguities. What
this means is that range measurement
at the low PRR is good while speed
measurement is less accurate than at a
high PRR’s.
Ship Navigation
and Safety:

• High-resolution Shore-based
RADARs are used for beaconing
and as an aid of navigation. During
poor visibility due to bad weather
conditions, the RADAR provides
safe travel by warning potential
threats. They are also used to find
the depth of the sea.
Pulse-Compression:

• This radar is similar to high-range resolution radar but

overcomes peak power and long-range limitations by obtaining
the resolution of a short pulse but with the energy of a long
pulse. It does this by modulating either the frequency or the
phase of a long, high-energy pulse.The frequency or phase
modulation allows the long pulse to be compressed in the
receiver by an amount equal to the reciprocal of the signal
bandwidth.
 This kind of radar continuously follows a single target in
Tracking: angle (azimuth and elevation) and range to determine its path
or trajectory, and to predict its future position. The single-
target tracking radar provides target location almost
continuously. A typical tracking

radar might measure the target location at a rate of 10 times

per second. Range instrumentation radars are typical tracking
radars. Military tracking radars employ sophisticated signal
processing to estimate target size or identify specific
characteristics before a weapon system is activated against
them. These radars are sometimes referred to as fire-control
radars.
Search and rescue:

These are radars that are designed to locate ships and airplanes that are
stationed over very large distances that could prove cumbersome to
maneuver. They usually have a very good ranger accuracy that will help
the military pinpoint the exact location and range of the object in
question. Besides locating planes and ships, these radars are also used
to locate people who may be in distress and require immediate
assistance. A lot of the search and rescue missions by the military are
done using radar technology which can be able to detect various images
using the more advanced thermal imaging technology.
Fire control
radars:

• These are designed to give the highest

possible precision of both range and
bearing. If these are used for aircraft targets,
tracking of the target may be at least
partially automatic. Information from these
sets will be fed into a computing
mechanism that operates the artillery
weapons. Fire control radars are mainly
used by the military to get the highest
precision in terms of target acquisition.