AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 INTRODUCTION
• Automatically moving object is know as
automobile

• Automobile is a vehicle, which run with their

own Power called automobiles
– Auto------- Automatic/ Self Propelled
– Mobile ---- Moving
Components of automobile
BASIC
TRANSMISSION
STRUCTURE
POWER PLANT CONTROLS

Frame Work
Components of automobile
AUTOMOBILE

CHASSIS

POWER PLANT

TRANSMISSION

BASIC STRUCTURE

Frame

Suspension

Axle

CONTROLS

AUXILIARIES

BODY
 The mechanism that transmits the
power developed by the engine of
automobile to the engine to the driving
wheels(rear wheels) is called the
TRANSMISSION and the system is called
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
 It is used to transmit engine torque to
the driving wheels to drive the
vehicle on the road.
.
Provide means of connection and disconnection of engine with
rest of power train without shock and smoothly.

Enable power transmission at varied angles and varied

lengths.

Provide means to drive the driving wheels at different

speeds
when required.

Provide a varied leverage between the engine

and the drive wheels
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 REQUIREMENTS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

• To provide for disconnecting the engine from the driving

wheels.
• When the engine is running , to enable the connection to the
driving wheels to be made smoothly and without shock.
• Speed reduction b/w engine and the drive wheels in the
ratio of about 5:1.
• To enable power transmission at varied angles and varied
lengths.
• To drive the driving wheel at different speeds when required.
• To enable diversion of power flow at right angle.
TYPES OF TRANSMISSION
 CLUTCH
• A clutch is a mechanism which enables the rotary
motion of one shaft to be transmitted to second
shaft, whose axis is coincident with that of first.
• The clutch is located b/w the engine and gear box
• When the clutch is engaged, the power flows from the
engine to the rear wheels through the transmission
system and the vehicle moves.
• When the clutch is disengaged, the power is not
transmitted to the rear wheels and the vehicle stops
while the engine is still running.
 CLUTCH
• The clutch is disengaged when
– Starting the engine
– Shifting the gears
– Stopping the vehicle
– Idling the engine
• The clutch is engaged only when the vehicle is
to move and is kept engaged when the vehicle
is moving
 FUNCTION OF A CLUTCH

• To permit engagement or disengagement of a

gear when the vehicle is stationary and the engine
is running.
• To transmit the engine power to the road wheels
smoothly without shock to the transmission
system while setting the wheel in motion.
• To permit the engaging of gears when the vehicle
is in motion without damaging the gear wheels.
Principle of clutch
Principle of clutch

C D CD

A B A W
B

Fig : Fig : B
A
 Requirements of a clutch
• It should be engage gradually to avoid sudden jerks.
• It should be easily operated (i..e it should consume minimum
physical effort at the time of engagement and disengagement)
• It should be dynamically balanced (particularly required in
case of high speed engine clutches)
• It should be free from slip when engaged.
• It should be as possible so that it will occupy minimum space.
• It should be easily accessible and have simple means of
adjustment.
• It should be suitable mechanism to damp vibrations and to
eliminated noise produced during the power transmission.
• It should be able to dissipate large amount of heat which is
generated during the clutch operation due to friction.
• The wearing surfaces should have long life.
 Types of clutches

Positive engaged Gradually engaged

clutch clutch

Friction Fluid
Dog
clutch clutch couplin
g
Semi
Centrifugal
Cone clutch Disc clutch centrifugal
clutch
clutch

Single disc Multi disc

clutch clutch
 Positive Clutch

• In this type of clutch, the engaging clutch surfaces

interlock to produce rigid joint they are suitable for
situations requiring simple & rapid disconnection,
although they must be connected while shaft are
stationary & unloaded.

• The jaw may be square jaw type or spiral jaw type.

• They are designed empirically by considering

compressive strength of the material used.
 Positive Clutch
Advantages
Disadvantages
when
• Simple • Must
shaft be
is unloaded
• No heat generated
connected
• No slip

• Compact

• Low cost
Construction of clutch
Construction of clutch
Construction of clutch
 Multi-plate clutch
• The multi-plate clutch is an extension of single plate type where the number
of frictional and the metal plates are increased. The increase in the number of
friction surfaces obviously increase capacity of the clutch to transmit torque,
the size remaining fixed.
• Alternatively, the overall diameter of the clutch is reduced for the same
torque transmission as a single plate clutch.
• This type of clutch is, used in some heavy transport vehicles
• •Besides, this finds applications in case of scooters and motorcycles, where
space available is limited.
• Extension of flywheel is a drum; which on its inner circumference is splined
to carry a number of thin metal plates. These must consequently revolve with
drum but are able to slide axially.
• Interleaved with these outer plates are a number of inner plates that are
splined to an inner drum which is coupled rotationally to the gearbox shaft
Multi-plate clutch
Centrifugal Clutch
 Centrifugal Clutch
• In this type of clutches the springs are
eliminated altogether and only the centrifugal
force is used to apply the required pressure
for keeping the clutch in engagement position.
• The advantage of the centrifugal clutch is that
no separate clutch pedal is required.
• The clutch is depending up operated
automatically on the engine speed.
Centrifugal Clutch
Semi Centrifugal Clutch
 Semi Centrifugal Clutch
• It uses both centrifugal and spring force for
keeping it in an engaged position of the clutch.
Electromagnetic clutch
 Transmission
• The gear box is necessary in the transmission
system to maintain engine speed at the most
economical value under all conditions of
vehicle movement.
• An ideal gear box would provide an infinite
range of gear ratios, so that the engine speed
should be kept at or near that the maximum
power is developed what ever the speed of
the vehicle.
 Function Of A Gear Box
• Torque ratio between the engine and wheels
to be varied for rapid acceleration and for
climbing gradients.
• It provides means of reversal of vehicle
motion.
• Transmission can be disconnected from engine
by neutral position of gear box
 Type Gear Box
• Automatic transmission
• Manual gear box
– Sliding mesh gear box
– Constant mesh gear box with positive dog clutch.
– Constant mesh gear box with synchromesh device
Sliding Mesh Gearbox
Sliding Mesh Gearbox
 Parts of Sliding Mesh Gearbox
• Main Shaft
– This shaft is used as an output shaft in sliding mesh gearbox. In this shaft the
gears are not rigidly fixed
– The gears of main shaft slides over the shaft to mesh with appropriate gears of
lay shaft so that required gear ratio is obtained.
• Lay Shaft or Counter Shaft
– One of the gear of this shaft is always in contact with the gear of the clutch shaft.
So when the clutch shaft rotates, the lay shaft also rotates. Lay shaft rotates in a
direction counter to the engine rotation. So, it is also known as Counter Shaft.
• Clutch Shaft
– It is input shaft in the sliding mesh gear box. The clutch shaft carries the engine
output to the gearbox with the help of enaging and disengaging clutch which is
mounted at the engine end. A gear is mounted over this shaft known as clutch
gear which is used to transmit rotational motion to lay shaft
Sliding Mesh Gearbox
First gear position
Second gear position
Third gear position
Reverse gear position
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Sliding mesh type of gear box
Constant mesh gear box
Constant mesh gear box
 Synchromesh Gear Box
• This type of gear box is similar to the constant mesh type
in that all the gears on the main shaft are in constant mesh
with the corresponding gears on the lay shaft
• Its working is also similar to the constant mesh type, but in
the former there is one definite improvement over the
latter.
• This is the provision of synchromesh device which avoids
the necessity of double declutching.
• The parts which ultimately are to be engaged are first
brought into frictional contact which equalizes their
speed, after which these may be engaged smoothly.
 Double Clutching
• The shifter, rather than going straight to the next gear,
makes a stop in neutral and then the clutch is
released.
• This is to allow the engine to slow down (or with a tap
on the gas, speed up when downshifting) so the
transition into the next gear is much more smooth.
• The driver then depresses the clutch again and
completes the shift into the target gear, and finally the
clutch is released again, putting the car back into gear.
Automatic Transmission
 It is the transmission which automatically provides varying gear ratios to
suit operating conditions.

 In this case gear changes are effected automatically without manual assistance.

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Components

Main Components of Automatic Transmission System

 Torque Converter.

 Gearbox of planetary type with friction brake bands and multiple disc clutch
operated by hydraulic system.

 Hydraulic Control System This system has a source of hydraulic pressure servo
units and control valves.

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ADVANTAGES

 Ease of control, i.e. it relieves the driver from fatigue due to the elimination of
clutch and gear controls.

 Smooth operation.

 Numerous numbers of gear ratios are available.

 Quick change of gear ratios effected automatically.

 Minimum interruption of power during gear shifts.

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Disadvantages

 High cost.

 Complicated design.

 Possibility for oil

leakage.

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