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Nonmendelian Inheritance Patterns p-1
Nonmendelian Inheritance Patterns p-1
Nonmendelian Inheritance Patterns p-1
3. Linked genes = found on the
same chromosome
• Ex: the genes for petal shape & color are
linked (C=curved or c=straight / W=white
or w=blue); C & w are linked, c & W are
linked.
• Cross two heterozygotes (Punnett Square)
• What Mendelian law do these results
violate?
Crossing over switches linked genes
Read pp. 276-7 in text
4. Sex-linked Traits
• Also known as “X-linked”
• Mendel’s laws indicate that the parents’
gender should not matter. If you cross a
purple flowered plant with a white
flowered, it should not matter which is from
the male pollen and which is from the
female ovule.
• Example 1 = eye color in fruit flies
• Example 2 = Color blindness in humans /
normal color seeing is dominant to color
blindness but the gene that codes for this
trait is linked (found on) to the X
chromosome
• X-C = normal color vision
• X-c = color blindness
• y (doesn’t code for color-seeing)
What letter or number do you see?
Light-sensitive opsin
proteins made in the eye
& needed for color vision
are encoded by a cluster
of genes on the X
chromosome. Mutations
in these genes can lead
to an insensitivity to
certain colors (like red
and green) when seen
together (“color vision
deficiency”)
• Cross a
normal-seeing
male with a
carrier female.
X-C y x
X-C X-c
• How does a colorblind male
demonstrate NON-Mendelian
inheritance? Hint: How many
recessive alleles must an
organism normally inherit to
express a recessive trait?
5. Multiple Alleles (vs. just two)
• Sometimes a trait is coded for by more
than just two alleles
• Example = human blood type has 3 alleles
A, B, or O
• Prader-Willi
Severe obesity,
hyperactivity &
severe mental
retardation
Review
Get organized!
Subtopic of Genetics = Patterns of Inheritance
-- “How Do Characteristics Vary Within a
Species?” Lab
-- Notes of Mendelian Genetics incl. CH 11
-- Chapter 11 Homework Packet (4 pages)
-- Notes on NonMendelian Genetics
-- Passing on My Genes Simulation
-- Testing Concepts + Spot Handout
• Can you identify different described traits
as following Mendelian or Non Mendelian
inheritance?
• Do you understand Mendel’s 3 Principles
of Inheritance?
• How do NonMendelian Patterns “violate”
Mendelian genetics?
• Can you do a monohybrid, dihybrid, or
sex-linked cross? 1. Show the genotype of
parents; 2. The resulting Punnett square; &
3. The Phenotypic Ratios
SEX –INFLUENCED TRAIT
- They are expressed in both sexes but
more frequently in one than in the other
sex.
- Classic example of this trait: Baldness
- In males, baldness allele behaves like a
dominant allele while in females it behaves
like a recessive allele.
Expression of Pattern Baldness
Male Genotypes Male Phenotypes
XYBB - Male Bald
XYBb - Male Bald
XYbb - Male not bald
Female Genotypes Female Phenotypes
XXBB - Female Bald
XXBb - Female not bald
XXbb - Female not bald
Sample Problems
• Predict the genotypic and phenotypic
ratios in the offspring if the mother is bald
and the father is not bald. Perform a cross
using a Punnett square.
• What are the expected genotypes of the
offspring if a bald father is mated with non
– bald mother? Use Punnett square to
determine your answers.