Non-Metallic Materials

Non-Metallic Materials

1.Polymers
2. Ceramics
3. Composites
 1.Polymers

1. Low density

2. Good thermal and insulation properties
3. Low cost
4. High resistance to chemical attack
5. Ease of fabrication
Disadvantages:-
1. Low strength
2. Low elastic modulus values
3. Low softening temperatures
 1.Polymers
Polymerisation:-
A reaction which involves the union of small
molecules having higher molecular weight called
Polymer.
Degree of Polymerisation:-
The no. of repetitive units present in one
molecule of a polymer.
D.P = Molecular wt. of a polymer / Molecular wt.

of single monomer
Classification of Polymers
Terminology used in Polymers
1.Monomer
2. Polymer
3. Homopolymer
4. Copolymer
5. Polymerisation
6. Degree of polymerisation
7. High Polymers
8. Oligo polimers
Types of Homopolymers
1.Linear Polymers
2. Branched
Polymers
3. Cross-linked
polymers
4. Network
polymers
 Types of Co-Polymers
1.Random co-
polymer
2. Alternating
copolymer
3. Block
copolymer
4. Graft
copolymer
 ISOMERISM
-Phenomenon wherein
different atomic
configurations are
possible for the same
configuration
Saturated Polymers
Un-Saturated Polymers
 Polymerisation
1. Addition Polymerization

Stages :- 1.Intiation 2. Popagation 3.

Termination
(i) Co-polymerisation
-kind of AP , addition of 2 or more diff.
monomers.
2.Condensation Polymerization
1. Addition Polymerization
2. Condensation Polymerisation
 Diff. bet. AP & CP
S.NO Addition Polymerisation Condensation Polymerisation

1 Yield a by-product along with the

No by-product polymer

2 Kinetic Chain reaction Intermolecular reaction

3 Formation of polymer takes 0.01 Takes hours and days

sec to 100 secs.

4 Homo chain is formed Hetero chain polymer is obtained

 Polimer Additives
1. Filler materials
2. Plasticizers
3. Stablizers
4. Colorants
5. Flame retardants
6. Reinforcements
7. Lubricants
 Plastics
1.Natural plastics
2. Synthetic plastics
Classification of plastics:-
1.Thermoplastics
2. Thermosetting plastics
Thermoplastics-Properties and
applications.
Thermoplastics-Properties and
applications.
Thermoplastics-Properties and applications.
Thermoplastics-Properties and applications
Thermoplastics-Properties and applications
Thermosetting Plastics
 CERAMICS
1. Used at high temperatures
2. Strong, hard and brittle
3. High melting temperature
4. Good thermal and electrical insulators.
5. Resist oxidation and corrosion
6. High compressive strength but weak in tension.
ENGINEERING CERAMICS
1. High resistance to abrasion and wear
2. High strength at high temp.
3. Good chemical stability
4. Good electrical insulation properties.
Important Engineering Ceramics
1. Alumina Al2O3
2. Silicon carbide Sic
3. Silicon nitride Si3N4
4.Partially stabilized Zirconia -PSZ