Welcome to our

Virtual Science
Classroom
Young
Scientists!
 Good morning
Young Scientists!
What is your
biggest goal this
Year 2022?
 If you will be a
gift to be given to
someone, what
gift would you
want to be?
 Qualitative
Characteristics of
Images Formed by
Lenses
 Objectives:
a. investigate the refraction properties
of light using concave and convex
lenses; and
b. distinguish between converging and
diverging lenses
 Objectives:
c. distinguish between converging and diverging lenses
d. apply ray diagramming technique in describing images
formed by lenses

e. derive and use the lens equation in predicting the characteristics

and position of an image formed by lenses
1. What type image formed in
this diagram?
2. Where is the location of the
image?
3. What is the orientation of the
image?
4. What is the size of the image?
1. What type image formed in
this diagram?
2. Where is the location of the
image?
3. What is the orientation of the
image?
4. What is the size of the image?
 ACTIVITY:
Get a half-filled glass of
water and put a pen or
even a stick inside of it.
 QUESTION:
WHAT HAPPENED TO THE
PEN/STICK INSIDE OF A
HALF-FILLED GLASS OF
WATER?
 QUESTION:
Why did it happen?
 Refraction - the
bending of light as
it travels from one
medium to another
of different optical
densities.
HISTORY
Spherical Lens - is a
transparent
material made of
glass or plastic that
refracts light rays
and focuses or
appear to focus
them at point.
Types of Lenses

1. Convex Lens
- It is thicker in the center than
edges.
- It forms real images and
virtual images depending on
position of the object.
- It is also called Converging
lens because the light that
passes through it tends to
converge at a particular
point called the focal point.
2. Concave Lens
- It is thicker at the edges
and thinner in the center.
- It forms upright and
reduced images.
- It is also called Diverging
Lens because the light
that passes through
tends to diverge at a
particular point called
the focal point.
Images Formed by Lenses
In locating the image
formed in lenses graphically,
two important points are
considered.
● Vertex - V, The geometric
center of the lens.
● Focal Point/Focus F - A
point where light rays
converge (or appears to
converge) when parallel
light rays pass through a
lens. Its distance from the
vertex is called the focal
length.
Images Formed by Lenses
In locating the image
formed in lenses graphically,
two important points are
considered.
● Vertex - V, The geometric
center of the lens.
● Focal Point/Focus F - A
point where light rays
converge (or appears to
converge) when parallel
light rays pass through a
lens. Its distance from the
vertex is called the focal
length.
The Three Most Useful Rays in
Lenses: (Convex Lens)

Ray 1 - P-F Ray, A ray of light

parallel to the principal axis is
refracted passing through the
Principal focus, F behind the lens.

Ray 2 - F-P Ray. A ray of light

passing through the focus, F in
front of the lens is refracted
parallel to the principal axis.

Ray 3 - V Ray. A ray of light passing

through the exact center of the lens
(Vertex) continue to travel in the same
direction.
The Three Most Useful Rays in
Lenses: (Concave Lens)

Ray 1 - P-F Ray, A ray of light

parallel to the principal axis is
refracted as if passing through
the Principal focus, F in front of
the lens.
Ray 2 - F-P Ray. A ray of light
directed towards the focus, F
behind the lens is refracted
parallel to the principal axis.

Ray 3 - V Ray. A ray of light passing

through the exact center of the lens
(Vertex) continue to travel in the same
direction.
Image Formation
by Convex Lens
by Different
Object Positions
L - ocation of Image
O - rientation of the image
(Inverted/Upright)
S - ize of the image
(Bigger/smaller than the object)
T - ype of Image (Real/Virtual)
Object Image Type of
Position Position Image

At infinity At F2 Real, inverted,

very small or
a point
 Object Image Type of
Position Position Image

Beyond 2F1 Between F2 Real, inverted,

and 2F2 smaller
 Are you
L.O.S.T.?

2F1 F1 F2 2F2
Object Image Type of
Position Position Image

At 2F1 At 2F2 Real, inverted,

Same size
 Are you
L.O.S.T.?

2F1 F1 F2 2F2
 Object Image Type of
Position Position Image

Between F1 Beyond 2F2 Real, Inverted,

and 2 F1 Bigger
 Are you
L.O.S.T.?

2F1 F1 F2 2F2
Object Image Type of
Position Position Image

At F1 At infinity No image,
rays are
parallel
 Object Image Type of
Position Position Image

Between F1 In front of the Virtual,

and the lens lens Upright,
bigger
Image Formation
by Concave Lens
by Different
Object Positions
 Object Image Type of
Position Position Image

Anywhere in Anywhere in Virtual,

front of the front of the Upright,
lens lens/Same smaller than
side as the the object
object
Physics Simulations at The Physics Classroom
The Lens and
Magnification
Equation
f = focal length or distance from the mirror and
the focal point F
di = distance of the image from the lens
do = distance of the object from the lens
M = ratio of height of image to the height of object
ho = height of the object
hi = height of the image
di = distance of the image from the lens
do = distance of the object from the lens
The Sign Conventions for Lenses
● f is + if the lens is a double convex lens (converging lens)
● f is - if the the lens is a double concave lens (diverging lens)
● di is + if the image is a real image and located behind the
lens
● di is - if the image is a virtual image and located on the
object’s side of the lens
● hi is + if the image is an upright image (and therefore, also
virtual)
● hi is - if the image is an inverted image (and therefore, also
real)
Let us solve word
prroblems now
involving the lens
and magnification
equation :)
Sample Problem 1:

What is the image distance and

image size if a 5.00-cm tall light bulb
is placed a distance of 45.5 cm from
a convex lens having a focal length
of 15.4 cm?
Given:
ho = 5.00 cm How did we
do= 45.5 cm get the
f = 15.4 cm
answer???
Unknown:
di = 23.3 cm
hi = -2.56 cm
 Sample Problem 2:

What is the image distance

and image size if a 3.00-cm tall light
bulb is placed a distance of 30.5 cm
from a diverging lens having a focal
length of -10.2 cm?
Given:
ho = 3.00 cm
do= 30.5 cm
f = -10.2 cm

Unknown:
di = ?
hi = ?
Directions: Fill in the blanks to
complete the statement. Choose your Converging Lens
answers on the box. Convex
1. Convex lense is also called
_______________. Upright
2. Concave lense produces an
Positive
______________ image.
3. Convex lens produces a __________ Real
image.
4. The height of the image is Upright
_________ if the image is upright.
Converging
5. Focal length is positive for
_________ lenses.
 Object Image Type of
Simple Position Position Image

Recall
At infinity At F2 L:________
O: ________
S: ________
T: _________
 Object Image Type of
Simple Position Position Image

Exercise:
Beyond 2F1 L: _________
______________ O: _________
S: ________
T: ________
 What are some of the uses of
mirrors and lenses in our
everyday lives?

How did it help you in your

everyday living?