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Sp2011 Chemistry1 1
Sp2011 Chemistry1 1
and Physiology
12th Edition
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1-1
Chemical Basis of Life
2-2
Matter
•takes up space + has weight
• solids, liquids and gases
2-3
Elements
•92 naturally occurring elements
•additional created by man
2-3
http://www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/periodic/periodic_table.gif
Atomic Structure
Atoms - composed of
subatomic particles:
• protons
• + charge
• mass = 1
• neutrons
• no charge
• mass = 1
• electrons
• charge
• almost 0 mass
2-4
Atomic Structure
Nucleus
• dense center of atom
• protons and neutrons
same element!
2-5
Electrons
• found in electron shells (energy shells)
• each shell holds a limited number of electrons
• 1st shell holds up to 2 electrons
• 2nd shell holds up to 8 electrons
• 3rd shell holds up to 8 electrons “Octet rule”
• lower shells are filled first
• outermost shell is known as the “valence” shell
• a full valence shell stable atom (unreactive)
• unstable atoms will react with each other to form stable
compounds or molecules
2-7
Concept Review
1. Which particle of the atom: 2