INSTITUTE - UIE

DEPARTMENT- CIVIL ENGINEERING

ME (Construction Technology and Management)
Subject Name and Code: Domain Aptitude
21CET-612

Dr. Murtaza Hasan

Special Concrete Operations

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
 Course Outcome
Primary Goals of Course: CO
Number
Title Level

CO1 Students will be able to obtain knowledge Remember

of scientific management, material  
Management, inventory control and
• To study and understand various disposal of surplus material.
managements aspects related to labour and
leadership.
Students can understand the business and Understand
• To have better understanding about the CO2
management skills in positions within the  
various physical properties and ingredients of construction Industry.

concrete.
CO3 Students can determine the properties and Understand
• To learn about procedure and Rules & types of Concrete and summarize the
construction of underwater and
Regulations of Tendering and bidding. underground construction.
• To understand the various management
techniques for successful completion of CO4 Students will be able to analyse the Analyze
techniques for construction of High-rise &
Construction projects. prefabricated structures.

CO5 Students shall be able to handle bids of Apply

tendering, bidding and management and
Learn management tools, its uses and
control measure for a construction project.
2
 CONTENTS

1. COROSION OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT

2. TYPES OF CORROSION
3. MASS CONCRETE
4. SHOT-CRETE

3
Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement: Causes, Effects And Remedies
 

Corrosion of steel reinforcement bars is basically

an electrochemical reaction.

Small anodes and cathodes are created and a flow

of ions between these two electrodes lead to the
corrosion of the steel bars.
 Corrosion is of two types
• Crevice corrosion – In small crevices within the concrete structure,
solutions may get stagnated. Anodes and cathodes may be created within
the solutions due to uneven reaction of solute ions over the volume of the
solution. Flow of ions is triggered by these electrodes, thus slowly causing
corrosion.

• Pitting corrosion – It is related to de-passivation of small areas on the steel

reinforcement bars. This type of corrosion is extremely localized and small
holes or pits are created in the steel.
 Causes Of Corrosion in
Reinforcement Steel in concrete
• Loss of alkalinity due to carbonation – When the steel surface is left
unprotected in the atmosphere, rust begins to form on the steel surface
and gradually flakes off.
• Loss of alkalinity due to chlorides – Chloride ions tend to de-passivate
the steel surface by destroying the alkalinity of the concrete.
• Cracks in concrete – Cracks may expose the steel bars to the
atmosphere and hence increase carbonation.
 Causes of Corrosion in Reinforcement Steel in
concrete
• Moisture pathways – Regular wetting of the concrete may lead to
water reaching the steel reinforcement bars by diffusion through the
pore structure of the concrete or cracks present in the concrete.
Rusting of the steel bars follow thereafter.
• Insufficient Cover: Insufficient dimension of concrete cover.
Effects of Corrosion On Steel
Reinforcement
• Formation of white patches – Atmospheric carbon
dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide present in
the cement paste forming calcium carbonate. This
calcium carbonate is carried by moisture and
deposited onto the concrete surface forming white
patches.
• Brown patches along reinforcement – When the
steel bars start corroding, a layer of iron oxide is
formed on it. This iron oxide also gets carried to
the surface of the concrete by moisture.
Effects of Corrosion On Steel
Reinforcement
• Formation of cracks – The products of corrosion
occupy a greater volume than the original
material. Hence they exert pressure on the
concrete and crack it. With more corrosion
occurring, more and wider cracks are formed.
• Spalling of concrete cover – Due to loss of the
bond between concrete and steel, the concrete
starts forming multiple layers of scales and peels
off. The steel bars also get reduced in size.
What is Mass concrete?
• Any volume of concrete in which a combination of
dimensions of the member being cast, the
boundary conditions can lead to undesirable
thermal stresses, cracking, deleterious chemical
reactions, or reduction in the long-term strength
as a result of elevated concrete temperature due
to heat from hydration.
• The one characteristic that distinguishes mass
concrete from other concrete work is thermal
behavior.
Where is mass concrete used?

• The mass concrete placed in different massive

structures such as dams, bridge piers, canal locks
etc.
 Short-crete
• Concrete,gunite or sprayed
concrete is concrete or mortar conveyed through a
hose and pneumatically projected at
high velocity onto a surface, as a construction
technique, first used in 1914. It is typically
reinforced by conventional steel rods, steel mesh,
or fibers.
Short-crete cont…
• Shot-crete is placed and compacted/consolidated
at the same time, due to the force with which it is
ejected from the nozzle.

• It can be sprayed onto any type or shape of

surface, including vertical or overhead areas.
Reference
Books

Concrete Technology (R. P. Rethaliya)

Concrete Technology (M. S. Shetty)

Web Sites
www.concretenetwork.com
www.constructionlearning.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=6WZbX8hTe_s
 APPLICATIONS

Students will be able to learn about the concepts of

concrete operations related to shotcrete and mass
construction and how corrosion of reinforcement can be
avoided.

46
 FAQ’s
Q1. What the use of mass concrete and shortcrete?
Q2. How the corrosion of concrete takes place and precautions which
an engineer should take to prevent the corrosion of reinforcement.
Q3. Describe the factors affecting the corrosion of reinforcement in
concrete.

16
 SUMMARY

• PREVENTION OF CORROSION REINFORCEMENT

• MASS CONSTRUCTION
• SHOTCRETE OPERATIONS

48
THANK YOU