Philippine Politics and

Governance
Teacher Regine’s Class
Ready the following

 Pen (Itang susulat soy!)

 Notebook
 Cellphone for
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• Teacher Regine’s Class

 LESSON 5:
Historical Development of
Philippine Democratic Politics
Development of Philippine Government

 Japanese occupation
 Postwar era and Third Republic
 Martial Law era and Fourth
Republic
 Post-EDSA
• Teacher Regine’s Class
 Japanese
Occupation
(1941-1945)
The Japanese  The Japanese
Military occupation of
Administration Manila signaled
the
establishment
of the
Japanese
Military
Administration
on January 3,
1942.
 Philippine  They established
Executive PEC, a civil
government that
Commission would temporarily
rule the country.
 Jorge Vargas its
chairman
 Exercise executive
and legislative
powers by the
approval of
commander in chief
of the Japanese
forces.
JORGE B. VARGAS (white)
 Second  A new constitution
Philippine was promulgated.
Republic (1943)
 Its executive,
legislative and
judiciary
structures were
similar to PEC.

 Commonly referred
to as a “puppet”
government.
JOSE P. LAUREL served as its
president
Gen. Douglas  The eventual defeat
MacArthur of the Japanese
forces.
Return
 Commonwealth
government was re-
established (Sergio
Osmena).

 Manila suffered as
the second most
devastated city after
the Second World
“ I Shall Return”-1944
War.
Postwar Era /
Third
Philippine
Republic
(1946-1971)
Independence of  Tydings-
the Philippines
Mcduffie Act
granted
independence to
the Philippines
after 10-year
transitional
period.
 The Third
Republic was
inaugurated.
July 04, 1946
 The 1935  Provided for a
Constitution
presidential and
unitary system.

 President=direc
tly elected by
the people and
will serve for
four years with
a maximum od
two terms.
 The 1935  Bicameral
Constitution
Legislature

 Senate and
House of the
Representatives

 Whose members
are also directly
elected by the
people.
 The 1935
Constitution  An
independent
Judicial
body-
composed of
the Supreme
Court and
the lower
courts
 The 1935
Constitution
The Presidents of  1. Manuel Roxas
the Third Republic (1946-1948)
 2. Elpidio Quirino
(1948-1953)
 3. Ramon
Magsaysay (1953-
1957)
 4. Carlos P. Garcia
(1957-1961)
 5. Diosdado
Macapagal (1961-
1965)
 6. Ferdinand Marcos
(1965-1969)
Martial Law Era
(1972-1981)
and the
Fourth
Philippine
Republic
(1981-1986)
  In 1965, Marcos
was elected to the
presidency and his
administration was
characterized by
an increased
agricultural
productivity,
massive
infrastructure
development,
and a defining
diplomatic policy.
Ferdinand E. Marcos
  In 1969, he ran
for reelection and
succeeded,
making him
the only
president
under the
1935
Constitution
to be elected
for a second
Ferdinand E. Marcos term.
  On Sept. 23,
1972, under the
Proclamation
1081, Marcos
announced on
nationwide
radio and
television that
he was placing
the entire
country under
Martial Law Martial Law.
  He then instituted
the Bagong
Lipunan, which
envisioned a
thriving and self-
reliant society that
is based on new
social and political
values.
 A new constitution
was adopted in
1973- “The 1973
Philippine
Constitution”.
New Society
  The political rights
and civil liberties of
the people as well
as their human
rights were
suppressed and
violated.

 The suspension of
writ of habeas
corpus led to the
arrest and detention
of any person
without proper
During Martial Law court proceeding.
 Post-EDSA
or the Fifth
Philippine
Republic
(1986-present)
  The period from
1986 onwards is
the restoration of
democracy.
 A Revolutionary
government was
created following
Corazon Aquino’s
ascent to
presidency.
A Freedom
Restoration of Constitution was
Democracy also framed.
  The post-EDSA
era, also known
as the Fifth
Republic, saw the
revival of
democracy.

 Including the
three branches of
the government;
Executive,
Legislative and
Fifth Republic Judicial.
 Rodrigo Roa Duterte was the first
president to have hailed from Mindanao

Fifth Republic