Week 2: Lecture topic

Single degree of freedom damped systems

 Damping elements
Damping is usually modelled in three different ways,
namely:

 Viscous damping –When machine elements

vibrate in a fluid medium such as air or water, the
energy dissipated is proportional to its velocity and
the viscosity of the medium.

 Coulomb or frictional damping – damping force is

constant but opposite in direction to the motion of
the vibrating bodies.

 Hysteresis or material damping – damping force is

due to friction between internal material planes.
Hysteresis is usually modelled using a hysteresis
loop.
General solution of mass-spring-
damper system
Applying the Newton’s 2nd law:

mx' '  cx  kx  0

Assuming that the solution has the form of

x  e st , x'  se st , x' '  s 2e st

(ms 2  cs  k )e st  0
The solution of equation is:

c (c 2  4km)
s1, 2  
2m 2m
 Critical damping

c (c 2  4km)
s1, 2  
2m 2m
 c (c 2  4km)
s1, 2   and
2m 2m

Solution for the mass-

spring-damper system:

d  n 1   2
 Frequency of damped vibration
2
d  1   n

1 x1 (t ) 2
1 x1 (t ) 2   ln 
  ln  n xn (t ) 1  2
n xn (t ) 1  2

where x1 (t) is the first known a

where x1 (t) is the first known amplitude, xn (t) is the other known
amplitude after n cycles of the
amplitude after n cycles of the decayed motion.
 and

Solution for the mass-spring-damper system:

 Response behavior

The motion represented in over damping is aperiodic, eventually diminish to zero

but much smother that critical damped system
Damped response
Formula sheet for free vibration
 Door closer mechanism
During opening the door the mechanic
energy influences the traction 9, which
is transmitted to the rotating pin 2,
equipped with the pinion gear 1. The
gear turns around moving the piston,
which presses the spin 6.The latter
expands and move the piston in the
opposite direction when we release the
door. Special oil inside the door
closer prevents loud slamming. The
oil flows through the dampers 3 and 4
and assures soundless door closing.
The closing velocity and the function of
the full closing are adjusted by the
dampers’ sections. Adjusting screw 8 is
responsible for the spin compression
that is determined according to the door
weight and width.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lne5i6xu8Mw
d  n 1   2
 Question-1
Determine the value of and for the following viscosity damping system
a) m= 10 kg, c=150 N.s/m, k=1000 N/m
b) M=10 kg, c=200 N.s/m, k=1000 N/m
c) M=10 kg, c=250 N.s/m, k=1000 N/m
 Question-2
The block shown to the right rests on a frictionless surface. Find the response of the system
if the block is displaced from its static equilibrium position 15 cm to the right and released
from rest. m = 4.0 kg, b = 0.25N/(m/s), k1 = 1.5N/m, k2 = 0.50N/(m/s).
 Question- 3
For a spring-mass-damper system, m=50 kg and K=5000 N/m. find the following
parameters
a) Critical damping constant
b) Damping parameters when
c) Damping frequency

23
 Question- 4
Find the response of the system shown to the right if the block is pulled down by 15cm and
released form rest. m = 2.0kg, b = 0.5N/(m/s), k1 = 0.5N/m, k2 = 0.25N/(m/s).
 Question- 5
An under-damped shock absorber is to be designed for a motorcycle of mass 200 kg. When the shock
absorber is subjected to an initial vertical velocity due to a road bump, the resulting displacement-time curve
is to be as indicated in bellow figure. Find the necessary stiffness and damping constants of the shock
absorber if the damped period of vibration is to be 2s and the amplitude of first cycle is to be reduced to one-
fourth in one half cycle (i.e. x1.5 = x1/4 ).

x1
Here, n  0.5 and  4, then the logarithmic decrement is:
xn
1 x 1 2
  ln 1  ln  4   2.7726 
n xn 0.5 1 2
   0.4037
2 2 2
d  2    n   3.4338 rad / s
d n 1   2 n 1  0.4037 2

cc  2mn  22003.4338  1373.54 N.sec/m

c   cc   0.4037 1373.54   554.4981 N.sec/m

k  mn2   200 3.4338   2358.2652 N/m

2
 Question- 6
Governing equation of motion of an underdamped single degree of freedom system
shown below is given as

Find all vibration parameters

 Question- 7
For the mechanical system shown to the right, the uniform rigid bar has mass m and pinned at
point O. For this system:
a) find the equations of motion;
b) what value of the damping constant c gives rise to a critically damped system?
 Question- 8
For the mechanical system shown to the right, the uniform rigid bar has mass m and pinned
at point O. Assume that in the horizontal position the system is in static equilibrium and that
all angles remain small. For this system
a) find the equations of motion
b) Identify the damping ratio and natural frequency in terms of the parameters m, c, k, and ℓ.
c) For: m = 1.50kg, ℓ = 45cm, c = 0.125N/(m/s), k = 250N/m, find the angular displacement of
the bar θ(t) for the following initial conditions: θ(0) = 0, θ˙(0) = 10rad/s.