Maternal Wnt Vs.

Zygotic (late) Wnt in axis formation

Hikasa H, Sokol SY., Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Jan 1;5(1):
Chapter 12 Opener
Figure 12.1 The membranes of the amniote egg characterize reptiles, birds, and mammals (Part 1)
Figure 12.1 The membranes of the amniote egg characterize reptiles, birds, and mammals (Part 2)
Figure 12.2 Discoidal meroblastic cleavage in a chick egg
Figure 12.2 Discoidal meroblastic cleavage in a chick egg (Part 2)
Figure 12.2 Discoidal meroblastic cleavage in a chick egg (Part 3)
Figure 12.3 Formation of the chick blastoderm (Part 1)
Figure 12.3 Formation of the chick blastoderm (Part 2)
Figure 12.4 Cell movements of the primitive streak and fate map of the chick embryo (Part 1)
Figure 12.4 Cell movements of the primitive streak and fate map of the chick embryo (Part 4)
Figure 12.5 Migration of endodermal and mesodermal cells through the primitive streak (Part 2)
Figure 12.5 Migration of endodermal and mesodermal cells through the primitive streak (Part 3)
Figure 12.5 Migration of endodermal and mesodermal cells through the primitive streak (Part 1)
Figure 12.7 Mediolateral intercalation in the formation of the primitive streak
Figure 12.7 Chick gastrulation 24–28 hours after fertilization
Figure 12.8 Chick gastrulation 24–28 hours after fertilization (Part 5)
Figure 9.8 Specification of the chick anterior-posterior axis by gravity

- Egg rotate for 20hrs in the shell gland at a rate of 15revolutions per hour.
- The lighter components move up and make PMZ (posterior marginal
zone)
- PMZ contains Vg1 and Wnt8c Equivalent to the Nieuwkoop center
(induces the organizer) in Frog.
- Vg1 and Wnt8c induces Nodal which will initiate primitive streak formation
and gastrulation.
- Hypoblast cell secretes Cerberus which inhibits Nodal activity.
Figure 11.19 Vegetal induction of mesoderm (Part 2)
Figure 9.10 Induction of a new embryo by transplantation of Hensen’s node (Part 1)

- Hensen’s node is equivalent to dorsal lip of blastopore

where the cells become prechordal plate and
notochord.
- Hensen’s node can induce secondary axis where it is
transplanted.
Figure 9.10 Induction of a new embryo by transplantation of Hensen’s node (Part 2)
Retinoic acid signaling
Figure 12.6 Signals that regulate axis extension in chick embryos
Figure 9.11 Possible contribution to chick neural induction by the inhibition of BMP signaling

- The functions of BMP antagonists in neural induction is conserved in chicken

Figure 9.12 Model by which FGFs regulate mesoderm formation and neurulation

3. Fgf8 signaling accumulate Churchill

1.Fgf induces initial neural tissues

Cerberus inhibits NodalNo P. Streak

4. Churchill induces Sip1 and

2. Endoblast (Secondary hypoblast) cells
displace hypoblast.
Nodal and Fgf8 induce mesoderm (Tbx6 and
Brachyury) together.
inhibits further mesoderm
ingression.
- Sip1 makes prospective neural
cells less sensitive to BMP
- BMP inhibitors from the node
specify neural the neural tissues.
Figure 12.9 Model for generating left-right asymmetry in the chick embryo (Part 1)
Figure 12.9 Model for generating left-right asymmetry in the chick embryo (Part 2)
Figure 12.9 Model for generating left-right asymmetry in the chick embryo (Part 3)