PAVEMENT DESIGN AND INVESTIGATION

PAVEMENT
 The pavement is the structure which separates the tyres of vehicles from the
underlying foundation material. The later is generally the soil but it may be
structural concrete or a steel bridge deck.
TYPES OF PAVEMENT

Pavement

Flexible Pavement Rigid Pavement

Jointed Plain Jointed Reinforced Continuous

Pre-stressed Reinforced
Concrete Pavement Concrete Pavement Concrete Pavement
Concrete Pavement
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS
 Are constructed from bituminous or unbound material and the stress is transmitted to
the sub-grade through the lateral distribution of the applied load with depth.
RIGID PAVEMENTS
 In rigid pavements the stress is transmitted to the sub-grade through beam/slab effect.
Rigid pavements contains sufficient beam strength to be able to bridge over localized
sub-grade failures and areas of inadequate support.
 Thus in contrast with flexible pavements the depressions which occur beneath the
rigid pavement are not reflected in their running surfaces.
LOAD DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN ASPHALT AND CONCRETE
PAVEMENT
Asphalt Pavement
Loads are distributed in small areas whose
structural capacity is sum of multi-layers
Concrete Pavement
Loads influence large areas whose structural
capacity is supplied mainly from the slab itself

Easy and rapid construction Need curing time

Layered construction is possible Long life
Quiet and comfort to ride Durable to heavy truck
Low replacement cost(in condition of good
Low construction cost in Korea
base)

6
PRINCIPLES OF PAVEMENT DESIGN

 Pavement design is the process of developing the most economical combination of

pavement layers (in relation to both thickness and type of materials) to suit the soil
foundation and the traffic to be carried during the design life.
DESIGN LIFE OF PAVEMENT

 The concept of design life has to be introduced to ensure that a new road will carry
the volume of traffic associated with that life without deteriorating to the point
where reconstruction or major structural repair is necessary
 DPWH assumed 20 year design period before rehabilitation is performed
PHILOSOPY OF PAVEMENTS

 Pavements are alive structures

 They are subjected to moving traffic loads that are repetitive in nature
 Each traffic load repetition causes a certain amount of damage to the pavement
structure that gradually accumulates over time and eventually leads to the pavement
failure.
 Thus, pavements are designed to perform for a certain life span before reaching an
unacceptable degree of deterioration.
 In other words, pavements are designed to fail. Hence, they have a certain design
life.
ASPECT OF DESIGN
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE
PAVEMENT THICKNESS DESIGN

 Pavement Thickness Design is the determination of required thickness of various pavement

layers to protect a given soil condition for a given wheel load.
PAVEMENT DESIGN PROCESS
TRAFFIC LOAD CHARACTERIZATION

 Pavement Thickness Design are developed to account for the entire spectrum of
Traffic Loads
AASHTO, 1993 DESIGN METHOD

 Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL)

 Design Procedure
EQUIVALENT SINGLE AXLE LOAD (ESAL)

 Traffic loads applied on the pavement surface range from light passenger cars to
heavy trucks. To design a pavement section the damage caused by all axle loads that
will be applied on the pavement during its designed life has to be considered.
 Different magnitudes and different numbers of repetitions are converted to an
equivalent number of repetitions of a standard axle load that causes the same damage
to the pavement. A standard axle load was selected as 18000 Lb (80 kN) applied on a
single axle with a dual wheel at each end.
 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (INPUT DATA)

a
DESIGN PROCEDURE
(CONCRETE PAVEMENT)
1. Calculate the Design Traffic, W18
2. Determine the Effective Modulus of Subgrade, Reaction k
from chart 1
3. Determine the corrected Modulus of Subgrade Reaction k
considering the Loss of Subgrade Support (LS) from chart 2
4. Select the Level of Reliability, R
5. Calculate the Design Serviceability Loss PSI, P0 = 4.5
6. Select the Drainage Coefficient, CD
7. Select the Load Transfer Coefficient, J
8. Select the Overall Standard Deviation, So
9. Calculate the Concrete Elastic Modulus, Ec and the Mean
Concrete Modulus of Rupture S’c.
10. Plot the values derived on Figure 3.7 to determine the design
slab thickness or use the following equation:
DESIGN PROCEDURE (ASPHALT
CONCRETE)
1. Calculate the Design Traffic, W18
2. Calculate the Soil Resilient Modulus, MR
3. Select the level of Reliability, R
4. Calculate the Design Serviceability Loss
PSI, P0 = 4.2
5. Select the Drainage Coefficient, mi
6. Plot the values derived on Figure 3 to
determine the required Structural Number
(SN), use values of 0.45 as overall Standard
Deviation, So
7. Use the formula SN = a1D1 + a2D2m2 +
a3D3m3 to determine the thickness of the
pavement structure
 STRUCTURAL NUMBER (SN)

The structural number (SN) is an abstract number expressing the structural strength of pavement required for a given combination of
soil support(), design traffic, terminal serviceability and environment. The required SN must be converted to actual thickness of
surfacing, base and subbase by means of appropriate layer coefficient representing the relative strength of the construction material.
To convert the structural number into actual thickness of surface course, base and subbase course, the following formula is used

SN= +
Where
= the layer coefficient for AC, Base and Subbase
respectively
= actual thickness (in inches) of surface, base and subbase
= drainage coefficient for base and subbase layers