GROUP-2

SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Are types of rock that are formed by the
deposition of mineral or organic particles
at Earth’s surface, followed by
cementation.

Sedimentation is the collective name for

the processes that cause these particles to
settle in place.
 95% of all sedimentary rocks consists of sandstones
(made up of sand sized fragments), mud rocks (made up
of silt and clay sized fragments), and carbonate rocks
(made up of mostly calcite, aragonite, or dolomite).Of
these, the mud rocks are most abundant, making up
about 65% of all sedimentary rocks.

There are three different types of sedimentary rocks:

o Clastic

o Biological

o Chemical
Clastic sedimentary rock
 Arecomposed of fragments, or clasts,
of pre-existing mineral and rock. A
clast is a fragment of geological
detritus, chunks and smaller grains of
rock broken off other rocks by
physical weathering.

Ex: sandstone
mudstone
Biological sedimentary rocks
 formwhen living organisms die, pile
up, and are then compressed and
cemented together.

Ex: coal (accumulated plant material that is

carbon-rich),
limestone and coquina
(rocks made of marine organisms).
Chemical sedimentary rocks
A type of rock that begins as sediments,
which are then cemented together through
natural processes.
 Chemical rocks start out as a solution of

water, ions, and sediments and are formed

via the evaporation of water and the
precipitation of ions over time.

Ex: limestone, chert, banded iron formation

and evaporites.