Subject: Chemistry

Topic: Redox reactions

Standard: IX

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 Quick Review time - 90 secs
Aluminium reacts with zinc oxide:
aluminium + zinc oxide → aluminium oxide + zinc
Name:
1. which substance is oxidised
2. which substance acts as an oxidising agent

Carbon monoxide reacts with iron(III) oxide:

carbon monoxide + iron(III) oxide → carbon dioxide + iron
Name:
3. which substance is reduced
4. which substance acts as a reducing agent

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 Quick Review time - Answers
1. Aluminium is oxidised because it gains oxygen to
form aluminium oxide.
2. Zinc oxide acts as an oxidising agent because it
can oxidise aluminium.

3. Iron(III) oxide is reduced because it loses oxygen

to form iron.
4. Carbon monoxide acts as a reducing agent
because it can reduce iron(III) oxide.

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 Memory Aid
LEO OIL
GRE RIG
• L osing • O xidation
• E lectrons • Is
• O xidation • L oss of electrons
• G ains • R eduction
• E lectrons • Is
• R educed • G ain of electrons

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 Redox Reactions

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 Redox – Electron Transfer
• Redox Reaction = Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

• During Oxidation, the oxidation numbers of the

oxidised species goes up.

• During Reduction, the oxidation numbers of the

reduced species goes down.

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 REDOX REACTIONS
An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a type of
chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons
between two atoms or ions.
OR
An oxidation-reduction reaction is any
chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a
molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an
electron.
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 IMPORTANT TERMS
 Oxidised: A substance that gains oxygen or loses electrons during a
reaction.
Reduced : A substance that loses oxygen or gains electrons during a
reaction.
Reducing agent : An element or compound that will remove oxygen
from the other substance.
Oxidising agent : An element or compound that will add oxygen to
another substance
 Oxidation: is the increase in oxidation state of an atom or ion.
Reduction: is the decrease in oxidation state of an atom or ion.

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 Quick Recall -90 seconds
Zinc reacts with copper(II) sulfate solution:
Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
Name, in terms of electrons, which substance is oxidised.
Zinc is oxidised because zinc atoms lose electrons to form zinc
ions, Zn2+.

Chlorine reacts with sodium bromide solution:

Cl2 + 2NaBr → 2Cl- + Br2
Name, in terms of electrons, which substance is reduced.
Chlorine is reduced because it gains electrons to form chloride
ions, Cl-.

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 Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers
1. The oxidation number of an uncombined element is
zero.

2. The oxidation number of an element in a simple

monoatomic ion is the charge on the ion.

3. The oxidation number of hydrogen is usually +1.

4. The oxidation number of oxygen is usually -2.

5. The sum of oxidation numbers in a compound is

zero.

6. The sum of oxidation numbers in a compound ion

(molecular ion) is the charge on the ion.
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 Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers
• The oxidation number of an atom is zero in a neutral substance
that contains atoms of only one element. For example the atoms
in O2, O3, P4, S8, and aluminum metal all have an oxidation
number of 0.

• The oxidation number of simple ions is equal to the charge on

the ion. For example the oxidation number of sodium in the
Na+ ion is +1, and the oxidation number of chlorine in the
Cl- ion is -1.

• The oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 for example in CH4, NH3,

H2O, and HCl.

• Oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2. For example in

SO2, CO2, and NO2 .

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 Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers
The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral
compound is zero.
H2O: 2(+1) + (-2) = 0

The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is

equal to the charge on the ion.
The oxidation number of the sulfur atom in the SO42- ion
must be +6, for example, because the sum of the oxidation
numbers of the atoms in this ion must equal -2.

SO42-: (+6) + 4(-2) = -2

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 Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers
In assigning oxidation states always go with the elements in the
compound you are sure off and then work out the rest.

Elements you can be sure of:

 Group 1 metals +1
 Group 2 metals +2
 Aluminium +3
 Group 7 elements (when not combined with oxygen) -1
 Oxygen (except in peroxides) -2

If oxidation states change during a reaction it is a redox reaction.

Oxidation leads to an increase in oxidation number and reduction
leads to a decrease in oxidation number

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 Redox Reactions–Oxidation Numbers

Redox reaction - electrons are transferred between reactants

• The magnesium atom changes to a magnesium ion by losing 2

electrons, and is thus oxidised

• The sulfur atom is changed to a sulfide ion by gaining 2

electrons, and is thus reduced.

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 Redox Reactions–Oxidation Numbers

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 Redox Reactions–Oxidation Numbers

Magnesium metal, lost electrons to form Mg2+ ions when it reacted

with oxygen.
By convention, the element or compound that gained these electrons
was said to undergo reduction.
In this case, O2 molecules were said to be reduced to form O2- ions.

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 Redox Reactions–Oxidation Numbers

Cu(s) + 2 Ag+(aq)  Cu2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s)

The reaction involves the net transfer of electrons

from copper metal to Ag+ ions to produce whiskers
of silver metal that grow out from the copper wire
and Cu2+ ions.

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 Redox Reactions–Oxidation Numbers

+4 0 +2 +1

CO2 is reduced when it reacts with hydrogen because

the oxidation number of the carbon decreases from +4
to +2.
Hydrogen is oxidised in this reaction because its
oxidation number increases from 0 to +1.
Video 4: https://www.youtube.com/embed/iSAwDJTLIKY

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 Oxidation Numbers
Another method to write oxidation numbers is by using
Roman numerals

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 Oxidation Numbers

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 Oxidation Numbers

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 QUIZ
Complete the following table:

Formula Element Oxidation Element Oxidation

number number
KCl K Cl
NH3 N H
NO2 N O
H2O H O
MnCl2 Mn Cl
FeO Fe O
Fe2O3 Fe O

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 QUIZ
Complete the following table:
Formula Element Oxidation Element Oxidation
number number
KCl K +1 Cl -1
NH3 N -3 H +1
NO2 N +4 O -2
H 2O H +1 O -2
MnCl2 Mn +2 Cl -1
FeO Fe +2 O -2
Fe2O3 Fe +3 O -2

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 Reducing Agent and Oxidizing Agent

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 Oxidising and Reducing Agents

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 Potassium Iodide

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 Oxidising and Reducing Agents

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 Quiz

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 1. When electrons are gained:
A. Oxidation
B. Reduction

2. When electrons are lost:

A. Oxidation
B. Reduction

3. Another name for oxidation-reduction reaction is:

A. Neutralisation
B. Redox

4. When oxygen is removed:

A. Oxidation
B. Reduction

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 5. Substance that loses electrons:
A. Oxidising agent
B. Reducing agent

6. Another name for charge:

A. Oxidation state
B. Reduction state

7. Substance that gains electrons:

A. Oxidising agent
B. Reducing agent

8. When oxygen is added:

A. Oxidation
B. Reduction

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 Answers to the Quiz
1. Reduction

2. Oxidation
3. Redox

4. Reduction

5. Reducing agent

6. Oxidation state
7. Oxidising agent

8. Oxidation

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 3-2-1
Instruct the learners:
 to write 3 things they learned today,
 2 interesting facts they learnt about redox reactions,
 1 thing they still have a question about, in their
notebook.

Randomly call out learners and ask them to share what

they have written. Clarify any doubts

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