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CDMA2000 Principle

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 Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: CDMA Handoff
Chapter 3: CDMA Air Interface
Chapter 4: CDMA Core Networks
Chapter 5: CDMA Number Planning

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 Introduction
Development of Mobile Communications
1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation
1980s (analog) 1990s (digital) current (digital)

GSM
UMTS
AMPS
WCDMA
CDMA
TACS IS95
Voice to Broadband CDMA
Analog to Digital
2000
NMT TDMA
IS-136 TD-
OTHERS SCDMA
PDC

3G provides:
 Complete integrated service
solutions
 High bandwidth
 Unified air interface
 Best spectral efficiency and
……………… a step towards PCS

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 Introduction
Transmission Techniques
CDMA Traffic channels: different
users are assigned unique
Power code and transmitted over
y the same frequency band,
nc
Tim que for example, WCDMA and
e re
F CDMA2000
TDMA

Power
Traffic channels: different time slots
are allocated to different users, for
cy example, DAMPS and GSM
Tim uen
q
e Fre

FDMA Us
e
Us ser r
U
Us er
Us er
er Traffic channels: different frequency bands
Power
Us are allocated to different users,for example,
er y
enc AMPS and TACS
Tim u
eq
e Fr

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 Introduction
3G Objectives

3G is developed to achieve:
 Universal frequency band for standard and seamless global
coverage
 High spectral efficiency
 High quality of service with complete security and reliability
 Easy and smoothly transition from 2G to 3G, compatible with 2G
 Provide multimedia services.

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 Introduction
Development of CDMA
CDMA2000
3X
CDMA2000 307.2kbps

IS95A IS95A  Heavier voice

service
9.6kbps 115.2kbps CDMA2000
capacity ;
1X EV
 Longer period of
1995 1998 standby time
1X EV-DO
1X EV-DV

2000
2003

 Higher spectrum efficiency and network capacity

 Higher packet data rate and more diversified services

 Smooth transit to 3G

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 Introduction
Frequency Allocation In CDMA2000

 Band Class 0 and Spreading Rate 1

Transmit Frequency Band (MHz)

Block CDMA Channel CDMA Mobile Station Base Station

Designator Validity Channel
Number

A(10MHz) Valid 1-311 825.030-834.330 870.030-879.330

B(10MHz) Valid 356-644 835.680-844.320 880.680-889.320

A’(1.5MHz) Valid 689-694 845.670-845.820 890.670-890.820

B’(2.5MHz) Valid 739-777 847.170-848.310 892.170-893.310

The transmit frequence point for Base Station is computed by:

F=870+N*0.03
N: CDMA Channel Number

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 Introduction
Frequency Allocation In CDMA2000
 Band Class 1 and Spreading Rate 1
Transmit Frequency Band (MHz)

Block CDMA CDMA Mobile Station Base Station

Designator Channel Channel
Validity Number

A(15MHz) Valid 25-275 1851.250-1863.750 1931.250-1943.750

D(5MHz) Valid 325-375 1866.250-1868.750 1946.250-1948.750

B(15MHz) Valid 425-675 1871.250-1883.750 1951.250-1963.750

E(5MHz) Valid 725-775 1886.250-1888.750 1966.250-1968.750

F(5MHz) Valid 825-875 1891.250-1893.750 1971.250-1973.750

C(15MHz) Valid 925-1175 1896.250-1908.750 1976.250-1988.750

The transmit frequence point for Base Station is computed by:

F=1930+N*0.05
N: CDMA Channel Number

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 Introduction
CDMA2000 1X Network Structure
A1(Signaling)

A2(Traffic)
Abis
A3(Signaling &
Traffic)

A7(Singaling)

A11(Signaling)

A10(Traffic)

MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station

BSC: Base Station Controller MSC: Mobile Switching Center
HLR :Home Location Register VLR: Visitor Location Register
PCF: Packet data Control Function PDSN: Packet Data Service Node
HA: Home Agent FA: Foreign Agent
SCP: Service Control Point Radius: Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service

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 Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: CDMA Handoff
Chapter 3: CDMA Air Interface
Chapter 4: CDMA Core Networks
Chapter 5: CDMA Number Planning

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 CDMA Techniques & Technologies
Handoff

 Soft handoff

 It is a process of establishing a link with a target sector

before breaking the link with the serving sector
 Softer handoff

 Like the soft handoff, but the handoff is occurred between

multi-sectors in the same base station
 Hard handoff

 Hard handoff occurs when the two sectors are not

synchronized or are not on the same frequency. Interruption
in voice or data communication occurs but this interruption
does not effect the user communication

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 CDMA Techniques & Technologies
Soft/Softer Handoff
• Multi-path combination in the BSC during soft handoff
• Multi-path combination in the BTS during softer handoffs

Power received from

a single sector

Combine all the

power from each
sector

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 Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: CDMA Handoff
Chapter 3: CDMA Air Interface
Chapter 4: CDMA Core Networks
Chapter 5: CDMA Number Planning

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 CDMA Air Interface
Physical Channel in IS-95A
 Forward channel

 Forward Pilot Channel

 Forward Sync Channel
 Forward Paging Channel
 Forward Traffic Channel (including power control sub-
channel)

 Reverse channel

 Access Channel
 Reverse Traffic Channel

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 CDMA Air Interface
Pilot Channel

A pilot channel:
 Assist mobile station to be connected with CDMA network
 Handles multi-path searching
 Provide the phase reference for coherent demodulation and
help the mobile station estimate the transmission power
 The mobile station measures and compares the pilot channel
powers from the base stations during the handoff
W064

Pilot channel
(all-zeros)

 Forward pilot channel is spread over W0 and modulated with short code directly
 BTS transmits the pilot channel continuously

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 CDMA Air Interface
Initialization of the MS

 Synchronous Channel message contains the LC_STATE,

SYS_TIME, P_RAT, and synchronizes with the system.

l
n e
nl lnel
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nach a
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lcohtcuachsnhan
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BTS

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 Reverse Channels CDMA Air Interface

 Fundamental Channel:

 Fundamental Channel is used for the transmission of user

information to the base station during a call, and can be used to
transmit defaulted voice services as an independent Traffic
Channel.
 Dedicated Control Channel

 The Dedicated Control Channel is used for the transmission of

user and signaling information to a base station during a call.
 Supplemental Channel/Supplemental Code Channel

 These channels are used for the transmission of user

information, mainly data services, to the MS. The Reverse Traffic
Channel contains up to two supplemental channels and up to
seven supplemental code channels.

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 Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: CDMA Handoff
Chapter 3: CDMA Air Interface
Chapter 4: CDMA Core Networks
Chapter 5: CDMA Number Planning

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 CDMA Interfaces CDMA Core Network

MC/VM Mobile Customer Service Center

PSTN/ISDN
Other MSCs IS-41
SS7 SS7
IS-41

SDH SS7
Other PLMNs
BSC MSC/SSP/VLR GMSC/SSP
IOS4.0 TCP/IP

IS95---- BTS IS-41

CDMA2000 OMC IS-41
INTERNET
MS SCP

IS-41
BTS
HLR/AC STP

MSC: Mobile-service Switching Center BSC: Base Station Controller

MC: Short Message Center HLR: Home Location Register
BTS: Base Transceiver Station VM: Voice Mailbox
VLR: Visitor Location Register OMC: Operation & Maintenance Center AC:
Authentication Center SCP: Service Control Point

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 CDMA Core Network
Network Interface
BSSAP
MSC/VLR GMSC
SCCP
MTP
Physical
PSTN
layer
A1/A2
HLR/AuC

BSS SS7 SCP

A10/A11

PDSN HA
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 CDMA Core Network
CDMA Services
Schools, groups
• Universal account
number
• Sectorized and time-
shared charge
• Broadcast news

Businesses, enterprises
• Mobile virtual private Family
network • Familiarity number
• Mobile high-speed • Life & amusement
network access
• Advertising services
• Free phone

Individuals
• Individualized services
• Privacy

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 CDMA Core Network
CDMA Feature Services---Example 1
You can register for a
FOLLOW ME forwarding service on
your own
Features: a user can activate call forwarding
of his/he MS from any phone to ensure that
any incoming call of a mobile phone user will
not be lost.

I forgot to bring my mobile phone, but I

will have an important customer to
meet this afternoon. What should I do?

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 CDMA Core Network
CDMA Feature Services---Example 2
LOOK FOR service
Feature 1: When a user makes a call to an intra-group user, the
terminals of all intra-group users ring in-turn or simultaneously
until there is a reply.

Intra-group user

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 CDMA Core Network
CDMA2000---Data Services
2,000 Video Streaming

Still Imaging
Remote
Data rate in Kbps

384 Medical
High-quality
Audio Streaming videoconference Service
144 Sports, news and
weather report on
Text Messaging demand
128 Low-quality videoconference

Voice Mobile TV
64 Image
Electronic
newspaper Video Surveillance,
Voice
Mail JPEG Video Mail, Travel
32 Electronic book Singing room Still Photos E-commerce
Fax E-Mail
9.6
Telephone Data Mobile
(Voice) Radio
0
Weather, transportation, news, sports and securities

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 Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: CDMA Handoff
Chapter 3: CDMA Air Interface
Chapter 4: CDMA Core Networks
Chapter 5: CDMA Number Planning

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 CDMA Number Planning
Definition of Coverage Areas

Service area

PLMN area

MSC area

Location area

Cell area

Sector
area

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 CDMA Number Planning
Parameters Involved

In a CDMA system, the following parameters are defined to

identify a user and his location:

 MIN/IMSI
 MDN
 ESN/MEID
 TLDN
 SID/NID
 LAI
 GCI
 SIN
 SSN

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 CDMA Number Planning
MIN/IMSI
Not more than 15 digits

3 digits 2 digits

MCC MNC MSIN

NMSI

IMSI

Mobile subscriber identity/international mobile subscriber identity

For example, 0907550001/460030907550001

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 CDMA Number Planning
MDN

CC + MAC + H 0H 1H 2H 3 + ABCD

International mobile subscriber DN

National valid mobile subscriber number

Mobile directory number

For example, 8613307550001

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 CDMA Number Planning
ESN

A unique Electronic Serial Number (ESN) is used to identify single MS.

An ESN includes 32 bits and has the following structure:

31......24 23......18 17......0 bit

Manufacturer’s number retained equipment SN
For example, FD 03 78 0A (the 10th Motorola 378 mobile phone)
The equipment serial number is allocated by a manufacturer.

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 CDMA Number Planning
SID/NID

MSCID (Exchange Identity)

= System Identity (SID) + Exchange number (SWIN)

is used to represent a certain set of equipment in an NSS

network. For example,

Unicom CDMA Shenzhen MSC is labeled as 3755+01

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 CDMA Number Planning
Location Area Identity (LAI)

 PAGING message is broadcast within a local area, the size of

which depends on traffic, paging bearer capability, signaling
flow , etc.
 Format: MCC+MNC+LAC

 MCC: Mobile Country Code, 3 digits. For example, China is

460.
 MNC: Mobile Network Code, 2 digits. For example, the
MNC of Unicom is 03.
 LAC: Location Area Code, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD
code. 0000 cannot be used with FFFE.
 For example, 460030100

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Thank You
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