Environmental Management

System
Air Pollution
• Occurs when gases,dust particles,fumes or odour are introduced into
atmosphere and makes it harmful to humans,animals and plant
• Things that pollute air are called Pollutants – Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon
Monoxides,Hydrocarbons,Sulphur oxides
• Two types of Pollutants – Primary Pollutant, Secondary Pollutant
• Primary Pollutants – gases or particles that are pumped into air to
make it unclear. Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur Dioxide
• Secondary Pollutants – Pollutants in the air mix up in chemical
reaction, they form dangerous chemical. Photochemical smog
• Causes of Air Pollution
1. Emission from Industries and Manufacturing Activities
2. Burning Fossil Fuel
3. Household and Farming Chemicals

• Common Air Pollutants

1 Carbon Monoxide
2 Ground Level Ozone
3 Lead
4 Nitrogen Dioxide
5 Particulate Matter
6 Sulfur Dixide
Water Pollution
• Contamination of water bodies (lakes, rivers,oceans) very often by
human activities
• It can be Point Source, Non Point Source or Trans Boundary in Nature
• Water Pollution affects drinking water,rivers, lakes and oceans all over
the world
• Prevention of water Pollution
Soil Pollution
• Contamination of soil by human and natural activities which may
cause harmful effect on living organisms
• Composition of Soil
Sr.No. Component %
1 Organic mineral Matter 45%
2 Organic Matter 05%
3 Soil Water 25%
4 Soil Air 25%
• Causes for Soil Pollution
1. Industrial waste
2. Urban Waste Refuse
3. Agriculture Practices
4. Radioactive Pollutants
5. Biological Agent

• Control measures of soil Pollution

Plastic Pollution
• Plastic Pollution is the introduction of Plastic Products into the
Environment which then upset the existing ecosystem.
• Begin to cause problems for wildlife, humans and other living
organisms.
• Plastics are synthetic material made up of synthetic resin or oraganic
polymers.
• Examples – nylon,pvc,polyethylene
• Plastic Pollutants – micro, meso, macro debris
• Common causes of Plastic Pollution
1. Plastic Bags from shopping

2. Plastic Toys

3. Pet Bottles

4. Failure to recycle

5. Using plastic disposables

6. Plastic Fishing Nets

7. Poor Disposal of Plastic waste

• Prevention and Control Measures
1. Find alternatives to plastic

2. Making use of Reusable Water Bottles

3. Proper waste Disposal

4. Recycling

5. Government Policies

6. Community Education
Effluent Treatment plant
Industrial Effluent Treatment
a. Preliminary Treatment
Screening Sedimentation Grit Chamber Clarifiers

b. Primary Treatment
Flocculation Coagulation Neutralization Primary Clarifiers
• c. Secondary or Biological Treatment
Activated Sludge Process Aerated Lagoons
Trickling Filters Rotating Biological Contactor

d. tertiary/advanced/disinfection treatment
Chemical Coagulation and sedimentation
Filtration
Reverse Osmosis
UV Disinfection
Common Effluent Treatment Plant
• Sludge Characteristics
1. Hydrogen Ion Concentration
2. Electrical conductivity
3. Nutrient content of sewage sludge
4. Nitrogen in sewage sludge
5. Phosphorus in sewage sludge
6. Total Solids content
7. Specific Gravity
8. Total Carbon
Sludge Disposal Methods

• Sludge Lagoons

• Composting

• Organisms involved in Composting

• Anaerobic Digestion

• Stabilization

• Landfilling
Sewage Treatment Plant Process
• Pretreatment
• Grit Removal
• Flow Equalization
• Fat and Grease removal
• Primary Treatment
• Secondary Treatment
• Tertiary Treatment
• Biological Nutrient Removal
• Nitrogen Removal
• Phosphorus Removal
• Disinfection
• Chlorination
• Ultraviolet Light
• Ozone
• Fourth Treatment Stage
• Odour Control
• Energy Requirements
• Sludge Treatment and Disposal