Million Taye

Senior Demographer
Central Statistics Agency, Ethiopia
LABOUR MIGRATION STATISTICS
SIDE EVENT
10 September 2021, Dakar, Senegal
Background
• The first-ever integrated LMS was
conducted from 25 January to 25
February 2021.

• The survey covers both urban and rural

areas of all the regions except Tigray
• Stratified two-stage cluster sample design technique
was used to select EAs and HHs
Survey Methodology
• The survey is designed to provide:
• an estimate of key labor force statistics
• an estimates of migration by region, urban and
rural areas.
Survey Coverage and Response Rate 
Coverage/
Response
Variables Planned Covered rate %
Enumeration areas
Labour &
Migration 1,686 1,674 99.3
Returnees 1,207 1,207 100.0
Households
Labour &
Migration 43,594 43,335 99.4
Returnees 6,626 6,584 99.4
• More than 50 thousand households sampled for LMS.
• More than
Survey Methodology
• 1200 data collectors,
• 150 supervisor,
• 25 CSA branch mangers,
• 12 Senior experts from labor force and
migration unit participated in LMS.

• Indicators for LMS were selected from

• National 10 years perspective plan of (PDC
2019)
• Agenda 2063 of AUC
• SDGs
Survey Result
Labour Force
 Demographic Characteristics
of the Surveyed Population

•Total estimated population of the country- 98,038,146

• urban 20,970,088 (21.4%) and
• rural 77,068,058 (78.6%) in February 2021

• The sex ratio- the ratio of males per 100 females for
the country is reported to be 100.7, 92.5 in urban
areas and 103.1 in rural area

• The population age ten years and above were

69,964,475 persons (71.4 percent).
Economic Activity Status
• Economically Active, Not active and Labour
Force participation Rate KFR on Labour
• Employment to Population Ratio
• Employment by Occupation Force
• Employment by Major Industrial Divisions

Unemployment
• Unemployment at National Level
• Unemployment in Urban Areas
• Unemployment in Rural Areas
• Youth Unemployment in Urban and Rural Areas
• Unemployment at Regional Level
• Unemployment and Literacy Status
• Unemployment at Regional Level
• Unemployment by Major towns and Region Capitals
• Unemployment by Educational Attainment
• Unemployed persons with Disability
 Economically Active, Not active and Labour Force
Participation Rate
80.7%
64.7% 35.3% 79.8%
March 2005
64.7%
June 2013
Feb 2021

Economically Active Economically not Trends of Economically active

Persons ( 10+years)- active population persons
Last 7days

65 persons out of 100 The proportion of Highest Active Rates Lowest Active Rates
persons are active to female is higher (61.5 • Benishangul-Gumuz • Somali (51.2)
participate in the production percent) than male • Amhara • Gameblla (51.5)
of goods and services (38.5 percent). • Oromia
Employment to Population Ratio

41,637,071 in
Employment to February 2021
Population Ratio At national level,
the size of
was 59.5 percent employed
population aged
ten years and
above 39,856,378 in
June 2013
(excluding
Tigray)
 Employment to Population Ratio by Sex, During
the Four Survey Periods
84.7 82.7
90.0 80.2
76.6 76.2
80.0 69.1 69.0
70.0 60.0
60.0 69.8
69.0
50.0 58.5
50.2
Employmen 40.0

t to 30.0
20.0
Population 10.0
Ratio… 0.0
March 1999 March 2005 June 2013 February 2021
(Cont’d) Survey Periods

Total Male Female

The mean amount of total payment per month for paid employee at country level is
Birr 4,127.
• Male monthly payment 4,556 Birr
• Female monthly payment 3,363 Birr
 Employment by Occupation & major Industrial Division

Employment by
Employment by Major Industrial
Occupation
• Division
Agriculture sector accounts 65 • Agriculture absorbing 77.3
• 51.1% employed persons at
percent of the employed population % of the rural employed
country level are skilled
persons
agricultural and fishery
• The service sectors, accounts to be
workers
24.0 percent • Service sectors absorbing
73.4 percent of the urban
• Clerks and managers equally
• Wholesale and retail trades population
reported the lowest proportion
accounts 5.9 percent
(0.5 percent) in February
2021.
• Manufacturing, Mining, Quarrying
and Construction together
constituted 5.2 percent
Unemployment at National
Trends of Unemployment Rate by Sex, During the Four
Level National Labour Force Survey Periods, Country - Ur-
ban and Rural Areas
14.0
12.5
11.7
12.0

10.0

Unemployment Rate
8.0 7.8 8.0
8.0
6.5
6.0 5.0 5.0
4.3 4.5
• 3,608,688-Unemployed person in
the country
4.0
2.5 2.7
2.0
• Unemployment rate of 8.0 percent
(This means 8 persons are unemployed 0.0
March 1999 March 2005 June 2013 February 2021
out of 100 economically active person
aged ten years and above)
Total Male Female
 Trends of Urban vs Rural Unemployment Rate by Sex

Trends of Urban Unemployment Rate by Sex Trends of Rural Unemployment Rate by Sex

30.0 10.0
26.4 26.1 25.4 9.0 8.6
25.0
24.7
8.0 7.6
19.1 18.7 7.0

Unemployment Rate
20.0 17.9
Unemployment Rate

16.9 6.0 5.2

5.1
15.0
12.2 12.7 5.0 4.6
11.2 4.0 3.4
9.4 2.9
10.0 2.4 2.6
3.0
2.0
2.0
5.0 0.9 1.1
1.0
0.0 0.0
April 2016 April 2018 January February Mar-99 March 2005 June 2013 February
2020 2021 2021
Total Male Female
Total Male Female
 Youth unemployment rate by sex- Urban and Rural Disparities

35.0

30.0

25.0
Unemployment rate

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
Urban Youth Rural Youth
April 2016 June 2018 January 2020 Feb. 2021 March 1999 March 2005 June 2013 Feb. 2021
 Unemployment Rate of Regions by Sex

Dire Dewa Unemployment Rate of Major towns and

Region Capitals
Addis Ababa

Dire Dawa Semera logia

Harari Addis Ababa Kombolcha
Harar 40.0 Debre Birhan
Gambella 20.8 13.9
Gambella 9.9 Debre Markos
22.1 11.8
S.N.N.P 16.4 28.0
Hawassa Bahir Dar
Female 20.0 20.4
15.6
Benishangul-Gumuz Dilla 16.9 Dessie
Male 17.1
20.7
Somali Total
Arba Minch 20.7 0.0 17.4 Gondar
19.7 26.9
Oromia
21.1
Sodo 20.2 Adama
22.0
27.8
Amhara 18.4
Hosaena 20.8 Assela
23.1
9.8 21.4 26.4
Afar 19.2
Assosa Bishoftu

Country - Total Jigjiga Burayu

Ambo Nekemte
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 Shashamane Sabata Jimma
At national level, the unemployment rate of persons with
disability is 9.1percent.

This rate is high in urban areas (20.3 percent) than rural areas
6.5 percent.

The rate of persons with disability of female is higher than

male in both Urban and rural place of residence
Survey Result
Migration
Internal Migration
• Status of Internal Migration
• Forms of Internal Migration
• Inter-regional Migration KFR on
• Digital Literacy of Migrants
• Disability status of Migrants
Migration
• Employment status of Migrants
International Migration
• Return Migration
• Emigration by Age
• Origin of Migrants
• Education status of Emigrants
• Top Destination Countries
Missing Migrants
• Education status of Missing Migrants
• Intended Destination of Missing Migrants
• Status of Compliance for Missing Migrants
 Internal Migration
Status of Internal Migration

15.1% 18.0

16.0 15.6

14.0

12.0 11.4 11.3 11.0

19.1% 10.0
9.0
8.0
7.1
6.1
6.0
5.0
4.3 4.4
4.0
3.0 2.8 3.0
2.2 2.3
17.1% 2.0 1.6

0.0
0-4 5-9 10-14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75+

Proportion of all migrant from Proportion of all Migrants by Age, 2021

total population by sex, 2021
 Internal Migration
Proportion of All Migrants vs Recent Migrants
Dire Dawa 30.9
Dire Dawa 25.3
Addis Ababa 30.6
Addis Ababa 42.2
Harari 36.0
Harari 25.6
Gambela 41.0
Gambela 31.7
Sidama 22.9 Sidama 14.9
SNNPR 32.9 SNNP 15.5
Benishangul-Gumuz 29.8 Benishangul-Gumuz 25.5
Somalie 36.7 Somali 8.6
Oromia 34.5 Oromia 14.4
Amhara 44.5 Amhara 20.4
Afar 35.3 Afar 16.5
Country Total 36.3 Country Total 17.1
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Proportion of recent migrants from all migrants by region Proportion of All Migrants by Region
 Internal Migration
Forms of Internal Migration

Form of recent migrants by sex,2021

Both sex Male Female

34.6
32.2
29.2
25.9 26.5 25.5
23.4 24.0
22.7

17.0
13.7
11.0

Urban -Urban Urban - Rural Rural - Urban Rural-Rural

 Internal Migration
Inter-Regional Migration
Net recent migration (out of 1000 population),2021

Diredawa 31.3
Addis Ababa 16.3
Harari 23.0
Gambella 2.4
Sidama 0.6
-6.8
SNNP
-25.7 Benshangul .G
Somali -0.6
Oromia 0.8
Amhara 0.7
Afar 5.8
-30.0 -20.0 -10.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
 Internal Migration
Digital Literacy of Migrants

84.3%
39.3 %
25.9%

Able to use
Able to use Internet Use Cell Phone
Computer/Laptop/Tablet
 Internal Migration
Employment Status of Migrants

Urban + Rural Urban Rural

Employment Status

Both Male Female Both Male Female Both Male Female

Employed 64.1 53.4 46.6 58 56.3 45.7 70.6 50.9 49.1

Unemployed 8.8 28.2 71.8 12.8 26.3 17 4.5 33.8 66.2

Economically not active 27.1 26.9 73.1 29.2 29.1 37.3 24.9 24.2 75.8
 Internal Migration
Disability Status of Migrants
1.655
1.95 2.5
1.65 2.26
1.9 1.65
1.9

1.85 1.645 2
1.82
1.8 1.64
1.64
1.5
1.48
1.75
1.635
1.7
1.7
1.63
1.63 1
1.65

1.6
1.6 1.625
0.5
1.55
1.62

1.5
1.615 0
1.45 Total Male Female Total Male Female
Total Male Female Urban Rural
Country Total
 International Migration
Return Migration
35.0

30.7
30.0

25.0

20.1
20.0

15.5
15.0 14.4

38 %
10.0

6.5
5.0 3.4 3.5
2.2
0.4 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.5
0.3 0.2 0.1
62 % 0.0
0-4 5-9 10-14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75+

Returnees by Age Group, 2021

Returnees by Sex, 2021
About eight in ten returnees age ranges from 20 to 39 years.
 International Migration
Return Migration –Ten Source Countries

50.0 46.6
45.0

40.0

35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0 8.7 8.2 6.7 5.9 5.0

5.0 3.2 2.1 1.9 1.3
0.0
Saudi United Lebanon Kuwait Sudan Djibouti Yemen Qatar South Bahrain
Arabia Arab Africa
Emirates

Top Ten Source Countries of Returnees

 International Migration
Return Migration by Educational Attainment and Sex

18
Never Attended Total
27

6
More than Secondary
5
32
Secondary Education
20
61
Primery Education (1-8)
66
1
Informal Education 9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Female Male

Returnees by Educational Attainment and Sex, 2021

 International Migration
Return Migration by Reason for Returning, 2021

Others 3.7

Repatriation 1.0

Health Reason 6.1

Family Union 22.7

Unemployed 1.7

Pregnancy/Delivery 1.3

Social/Political Problem 3.9

COVID-19 1.8

End of Contract 26.6

End of Study/Training 1.3

Deportation/Expelled 29.9

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

 International Migration
Return planning to Re-Migrate, 2021 Mal
e
30
%

25%

Fe
mal
Plan to Rem- e
igrate 70
%
No Plan to
75% Remigrate Returnees Planning to Re-Migrate by sex

Returnees Planning to Re-migrate

 International Migration
Digital Literacy of Return Migrants

94%
48 %
18%

Able to use
Able to use Internet use Cell Phone
Computer/Laptop/Tablet
 International Migration
Emigrant by Age
35.0 53.7%
32.2

30.0

25.0 24.0
21.6 839,224 46.3 %
20.0
emigrant living
abroad
15.0

10.0 9.0

5.5
5.0
3.0
2.1
0.7 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0
0-4 5-9 10-14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75 +

Emigrants by Age while Leaving Ethiopia

 International Migration
Emigrant by Educational Status

Never Attended 13.07

Informal 1.03

Above Secondary 8.96

Secondary 26.87

Primary 49.80

Pre school 0.27

Percent of Emigrants by Education Before Leaving

Ethiopia
 International Migration
Emigrant Top Destination Countries
 Missing Migrants

Percentage of missed migrant by status and age group,2021

70

51,089 (Missing 60 57.9

Migrants)
50

84.6 % 40
Disappeared

30 28.1
Confirmed Death
25.7

20

15.4 % 14.2
11.4 10.5 10.8 10.7
10 7.8
4.1 5
2.9 1.9 2 3.2
0 0 11.2 0.7 0.40 0.6 00 0 00
• 83.5 % of missed migrants are 0
0 –4 5-9 10-14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59 60-64 65+

disappeared
• 16.5 percent are confirmed dead
either before or after arriving to
their destination
 Missing Migrants by Educational Attainment

0
Informal education
7.8

35
Primary
49.2

16.9
Secondary
20.7

3.6
Above secondery
4

44.4
Never attended
18.4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Female Male
Missing Migrants by Educational Attainment
Missed Migrants by Status of Compliance and sex

Urban + Rural Urban Rural

Status of Compliance Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female

Passport, Visa, Travel Ticket

and Invitation Document 1.1 0.2 5.7 2.7 0.7 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Passport, Visa and Travel
Ticket 15.7 14.5 22.3 15.2 9.5 27.7 16.1 16.9 0.0
Passport and Visa 17.1 15.1 28.2 18.7 11.3 35.0 16.1 16.9 0.0
Passport only 23.7 19.8 45.1 27.4 14.9 54.8 21.3 22.1 5.0

No document 35.3 37.4 23.6 23.8 31.0 8.2 42.8 40.5 87.3
Do not know 36.5 39.8 18.1 43.1 53.3 20.6 32.2 33.4 7.7
No response 2.2 2.6 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 3.5 3.7 0.0
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