GENERAL TYPES

OF FINGERPRINT
PATTERNS
PRESENTED BY:
BELISON٫ CRISTEN JOY
PLADERO٫ CHERIL

BABILONIAN, SAMANTHA
INSTRUCTOR : MR. DE GUZMAN٫ KEVIN
TOPICS

• Definition of terms • Radial Loops

• Introduction • Ulnar Loops
• Arches • Requisites Loops
• Plain Arch • Plain Whorl
• Tented Arch • Central Pocket Loop Whorl
• Types of tented Arches • Double Loop Whorl
• Loops • Accidental Whorl
DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Fingerprint – is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger

• Ridges -Elevated strips of skin that begin as raised apertures around the
pores and then are joined together into rows forming the ridges.
• Delta - is that point on a ridge at or in front of and nearest the center of the
divergence of the type lines.
• Core - A structure in the print that is the center line or lines of the print.
• Print - The mark made by a finger or thumb on a surface or in a soft material such as
wax or wet paint.
• Appendage – an appendage striking the outside of the recurve at a right angle will
spoil that recurve.
INTRODUCTION

• Fingerprinting is a method of identification of an individual through the

use of the impression made by the ridge formation found in the terminal
part of the fingers. There were several attempts in the past questioning
its reliability and credibility but to no avail.
ARCHES

• Arches are the simplest type
 of fingerprints that are
formed by ridges that enter on 
one side of the print and 
exit on the other
side. No deltas are present.
PLAIN ARCH

• One of the two arches that belongs to an arch family
the ridges of this type enter from one side to the other side without
recurving, it has an slight upward curve or wave at the center, with no
angular ridge formation or upthrust.
PLAIN ARCH
TENTED ARCH

A tented arch is that type of pattern which possesses either

an angle٫ an upthrust or two of the three basic
characteristic of the loop.
TENTED ARCH
TYPES OF TENTEDARCHES

• Angle Type
• Upthrust Type
• Looping Type
ANGLE TYPE
UPTHRUST TYPE
LOOPING TYPE
LOOPS

• Prints that recurve back on themselves to form a loop shape.

RADIAL LOOPS

• A loop fingerprint pattern which flows in the direction of the radius

bone.
ULNAR LOOPS

• A loop fingerprint pattern which flows in the direction of the ulna bone,

toward the little finger.
REQUISITES OF LOOPS

• It must have a delta and core

• It must have a ridge count of at least
one.
• It must have a sufficient recurve or
recurving ridge that passes an
imaginary line between the delta and
the core.
PLAIN WHORL
PLAIN WHORL

(1) consists of one or more ridges which make or tend to make a complete
circuit, 
(2) with two deltas,
(3) between which, when an imaginary line is drawn, at least one
recurving ridge within the inner pattern area is cut or touched.
PLAIN WHORL

Remember:
(1) Two deltas and at least one ridge making a complete circuit or variant
of a circle.
(2) An imaginary line drawn from delta to delta must cut or touch at least
one recurving ridge within the inner pattern area.
CENTRAL POCKET LOOP WHORL
CENTRAL POCKET LOOP WHORL

(1) consists of at least one recurving ridge, or 

(2) an obstruction at right angles to the line of flow, 
(3) with two deltas, 
(4) between which, when an imaginary line is drawn, no recurving ridge
within the inner pattern area is cut or touched.
• Recurving Type: Similar to plain whorl, two deltas and at least one
ridge making a complete circuit.
• Difference from a plain whorl – An imaginary line drawn from delta to
delta must not cut or touch a recurving ridge in front of the inner delta.
DOUBLE LOOP WHORL
DOUBLE LOOP WHORL

(1) consists of two separate loop formations, 

(2) with two separates, and 
(3) distinct sets of shoulders and two deltas.
Remember:
(1) 2 separate loop formations
(2) 2 separate and distinct sets of shoulders and
(3) 2 deltas
• No ridge count is needed for loops in a double loop whorl.
•  the appendage rule for double loops is the same as that for plain loops.
• § Plain loop appendage rule – Sufficient recurve consists of the space
between the shoulders of a loop, free of any appendages which abut
upon it at a right angle on the outside of the recurve.
• “S” type whorls and “interlocking loops” are not double loop whorls.
ACCIDENTAL WHORL
ACCIDENTAL WHORL

(1) consists of a combination of two different types of patterns with the

exception of the plain arch, 
(2) with two or more deltas, or 
(3) a pattern which possesses some of the requirements for two or more
different types or a pattern which conforms which conforms to none of
the definitions.
Remember:
(1) combination of two different types of patterns with the exception of
the plain arch, 
(2) two or more deltas. Only pattern which may possess two or more
deltas, 
(3) patterns possessing some of the requirements of two or more different
types, with the exception of the plain arch.
• Patterns conforming to none of the definitions.
WHORL SYMBOLS: 
• ➢ Plain Whorl – W, 
• ➢ Double Loop – D, 
• ➢ Central Pocket – C, 
• ➢ (4) Accidental – X
• For classifying and general searching, “W” is used to indicate all whorl
types below the fingerprint block.
• Type of whorl should be indicated in the upper left-hand corner of the
fingerprint block
• Type of whorl should be indicated in the upper left handcorner of the
fingerprint block.
THANK YOU !