 PENULUSURAN

MASALAH RISET
KEPERAWATAN
 METODOLOGI PENELITIAN (MMP)
SKRIPSI – TESIS - DESERTASI II. METODOLOGI D-S-V-I-A
Mencari kebenaran: 1. DESAIN
(Korespondensi & Koherensi) 2. POPULASI, SAMPEL &
SAMPLING,BESAR SAMPEL
1. KEILMUAN - BIDANG 3. VARIABEL & DEFINISI
I.
OPERASIONAL
M
A 2. KASUS 4. PENGUMPULAN DATA
(INSTRUMENT, WAKTU &
S TEMPAT, PROSEDUR)
A 3. MASALAH (F1-F2) 5. ANALISIS DATA
L
6. TOPIK /
A 4. RUMUSAN MASALAH
& KERANGKA KONSEP
TEMA
H
JUDUL
III. PENULISAN - HASIL
5. TUJUAN
1. SEARCHING OF RESEARCH
PROBLEM ---- Phenomena
 AREA TOPIK
RISET KEPERAWATAN

1. ANAK
2. MATERNITAS
3. MEDIKAL BEDAH
4. JIWA
5. KOMUNITAS & KELUARGA
6. GERONTIK
7. MANAJEMEN DAN PENDIDIKAN
nursalam-MASALAH
 A GOOD TOPIC? N-O-C-T

NOVELTY
ORIGINALITY
CONTRIBUTION ON THEORY AND PRACTICE
TRENDS / PREVALENCY
LANGKAH PENELUSURAN
MASALAH & PENULISAN
ARTIKEL VIA RISET
SEARCHING NURSING RESEARCH PROBLEM (P-34)
1. TOPIC
IDEA
Prolonged 1st Stage of labour NURSING SCIENCE: MATERNITY,
PEDIATRIC, etc.
BRAINSTROMING
Factors that cause the prolonged? 2. CASE SELECTION: INC,
Hospitalisation stress,, etc.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Factors: 5P, the dominant one is psyche: 3. NURSING PROBLEM:
husband support - has not been studied NANDA / GORDON (F1-F2)
“Prolonged 1st stage of labour
VARIABLES 5P (power, passage, passanger,
psychological, provider ...) F-I-N-E-R
Anxiety, straining strength , age, parity, family support,
Admission time, stress etc.
FRAMEWORK
4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS (Q-S-S)
What is the effect of husband support on acceleration of cervix dilatation 1st stage of Labour for inpartum mother?

5. AIM AND OBJECTIVES (BLOOM + Objective + (V-V) …….

To explain the effect of husband support on acceleration of cervix dilatation for inpartum mother
TITLE
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6. EFFECT OF HUSBAND SUPPORT ON ACCELERATION OF CERVIX DILATATION FOR INPARTUM MOTHER
 1. SEARCHING OF RESEARCH
PROBLEM ---- Phenomena

FACT _WHY.....

MALNUTRITION ?
nursalam-MASALAH
WHY.....

TRADITIONALnursalam-MASALAH
MEDICINE
WHY.....

ENVIRONMENT
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WHY.....

HEALTH BEHAVIOR
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

HOW?
STRESS

13
 CONTOH ..... PENGGALIAN MASALAH
PENELITIAN KEP MATERNITAS
KEPERAWATAN
MATERNITAS
Askep Askep Askep Ibu Askep Askep Ibu Askep dgn Askep pd Ibu
Ibu Prenatal Ibu Postnatal pada Resiko Tinggi ggn Akseptor KB
Intranatal BBLR Kehamilan reproduksi

Anamnesa ibu Pemeriksaan Senam Penyuluhan pada

hamil Kehamilan Hamil Ibu Hamil

Leopold-I Leopold-I Leopold-I

 Lanjutan .......
KEPERAWATAN
MATERNITAS

Askep Askep Askep Ibu Askep Askep Ibu Askep dgn Askep pd
Ibu Prenatal Ibu Postnatal pada Resiko Tinggi ggn Ibu
Intranatal BBLR Kehamilan reproduksi Akseptor KB

Pengkajian Pengkajian Pengkajian Pengkajian

Kala-I Kala-II Kala-III Kala-IV

Tanda Kemajuan Perubahan Perubahan Perawatan Perawatan Abs. Bounding

Persalinan buka Fisik Psikologis Plasenta Perdarahan Perdarahan Attachment
cervix

Manajemen Persiapan Pimpinan Penghitungan

nyeri persalinan persalinan skore Apgar
 Lanjutan .......
KEPERAWATAN MATERNITAS I

Askep Askep Askep Ibu Askep Askep Ibu Askep dgn Askep pd
Ibu Prenatal Ibu Postnatal pada Resiko Tinggi ggn Ibu
Intranatal BBLR Kehamilan reproduksi Akseptor KB

Pengkajian Diagnosa intervensi Implementasi Evaluasi

Tanda Vital Involutio Laktasi Luka

perinium

Higiene Vulva Breast care Mobilisasi Diet Ibu Manajemen Senam kala
menyusui laktasi nifas
SPIDER PNC (POST NATAL CARE)
WEB
? ?
Pijat oxytocin
Senam ?
nifas ?
in
La ?
ur n
ula ga

?
ga
ke ukun

Involusi
Uteri
D

Po ?
s tP
stres
s
Bl artu eum
ue m in
p er
uka
L
POST PARTUM
SI
iAs
uk

M
od

er
aw
Pr

a tb
ay
i ?
?

?
? ?
?
?
SPIDER INPARTUM (1ST STAGE OF LABOUR )
WEB
?
Pregnant ?
Nutrition excercise ?
status ?
thers
o ?
rt
p po

?
su

Nutrisi
Power:
i ly
m
Fa

Ps ?
s yc
stres h olo
gic a ge
a ss
l Pa
INPARTUM
r
ge
an
ss

Pr
Pa

ov
id
er
?
?

?
? ?
?
?
SPIDER DIABETES MELLITUS
WEB
? ?
?
Treatment ?
le ?
e du
h
Sc ? Activity : type (DM
excercise, walking, etc)
?

Diabetic
wound
pe
Ty

In
co
m e ?
ount d pl
cos
tre iet ient
glu
Am m
at & of d
m oo
en
t Central Theme Bl
Blood glucose

DM
p
eu
iv
/G
ss
re
St

? ?
?

?
? ?
?
?
SPIDER TOPIC / PROBLEM: PATIENT SATISFACTION
WEB
Hospital don’t know
what px-expect Operating Over
Wards theater All Patients
ie nt No case conference
t
Pa fety
Sa Nobody takes any No name tag Nurse
da iate

interest
n
mo pr
tio

Poor Relationship with

The Problems
co ro
ac app

Scope of
health team
In

Ef y
ed fe ct p erl Never H.E-when
erform on r o
Pt.discharge
N ot p Pa oP
GP. tie ’t d
nt d on
rs e
Nu
PATIENT SATISFACTION
ice

Po
rv

or
se

W
h

Re
ith Ser
rc

t
n
ea

rta

lat
Co vic
s

po
Re

ion
mm e
im

sh
t
no

un

ip
ity
Hospital Policy Different trust
not research
based No response
Nurses don’t on complain Arg
Nurse don’t do u me
believe Research
result
research find nt over
No programme ing
to visit
Community
Faktor masalah: Ukuran masalah:

Masalah:

Model Sistem
 Ukuran masalah:
Faktor masalah:
Masalah:

Intervensi Kep:

Model Sistem
2. WRITE CHAPTER LITERATURE
REVIEW
•THEORITICALREVIEW (USE OF
NURSING THEORIES & OTHER
RELEVANT THEORY)

•THEORITICAL MAPPING (RESEARCH

ORIGINALITY)
 KAJIAN MASALAH –
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
 Research should be built on the work of others
 The “Literature” is all the written sources relevant to your
topic
 Primary source
– Written by the person who originated , or is responsible for
generating, the ideas published
 Secondary source
– Summarizes or quotes content from primary sources
– Paraphrase the works of primary authors
 Meta-analysis or systematic reviews
 Your work should mostly contain primary sources. Citations should
be of primary sources not secondary sources
 Generally, try to keep cited references to within 5 years
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nursalam-MASALAH
nursalam-MASALAH
 3. DEVELOP A
A. FRAMEWORK (QUANTITATIVE)
B. RESEARCH QUESTION
(QUALITATIVE)

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 FRAMEWORK
DEVELOPMENT

1. ROY: ADAPTATION MODEL

2. OREM: SELF CARE
3. CARING: WATSON & SWANSON
4. KINGS: OPEN SYSTEM MODEL
5. LEININGER: SUNRISE MODEL
6. etc.

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 What is the link between nursing
theory and the research process?

 Theory provides direction for nursing research

 Relationships of components in a theory help
to drive the research questions for
understanding nursing
 Chinn and Kramer (2004), indicate a spiral
relationship between the two
Nursing also utilizes non-nursing
theories

nursalam-MASALAH
 MEMILIH TEORI &
MEMBERIKAN RASIONAL
a. Menganalisis impelementasi sebelumnya
 Implementasi terdahulu dapat dijadikan
sebagai masukan untuk menetapkan intervensi
saat ini.
 Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang dapat
ditindaklanjuti untuk ditargetkan dalam
intervensi.
 Mengidentifikasi hambatan yang terjadi serta
fasilitas yang memadai.
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b. Mengkaji Beberapa Teori
 Mengkaji beberapa teori (keperawatan dan
non keperawatan yang relevan) dan
komponen utamanya yang mungkin sesuai
dengan situasi yang dihadapi
 Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penentu yang
mempengaruhi suatu perubahan perilaku
atau pemberian intervensi dapat
mempengaruhi hasil yang diinginkan

nursalam-MASALAH
c. Kajian Literatur (Literature Review)
• What do you know from the literature about this
change mechanism?
• What if any theories have been employed for
this type of change?
• Consider the strength of this evidence
• What have others interested in this
mechanism/strategy previously used?
• How well has this mechanism/strategy
produced change?
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1. COMFORT THEORY (Kolcaba)

© Kolcaba (2007)

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2. SELF CARE (OREM
Self-care

R R

Conditioning
Self-care

factors
capabilities R Therapeutic
(self-care self-care
agency) < demand

Deficit
R R

Nursing
Agency
(supportive
FIG. OREM – SELF CARE DEFICIT Educative)
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 3.CARING
The Structure of Caring

Maintaining
belief
Knowing
Being
with
Doing
for
Enabling
( )
Client
well-
being

Philosoohical attitudes Informed understanding Message

towards persons Therapeutic Intended
(in general) and
of the clinical condition conveyed
(in general) and the to client actions outcome
the designated
client (in specific) situation and client
(in specific)

The structure of caring as linked to the nurse’s philosophical attitude, informed understandings, message
conveyed, therapeutic actions, and intended outcome. (from Swanson, K. M. [1993]. Nursing as
informed caring for well-being of others. Image: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 25 [4], 352-357.)
nursalam-MASALAH
 4. Human Interaction for
Goal Attainment (King)
FEEDBACK
PERCEPTION
NURSE
JUDGMENT

ACTION
REAC INTERAC TRANSACTION
TION TION
PATIENT ACTION

JUDGMENT

PERCEPTION

FEEDBACK

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5. SUNRISE (LEININGER)

ship Cultural values

Kin cial Poli
t
so
and ors
and lega ical an
l fac d
fa t
c lifeways tors
d Ec
s an al o
fa nom
u ic ct
g io ph or ic
i
l so s s
Re hilo or
p a ct
f
CAL OGI

Edu
S
L

Influences care

cat
f ac
TOR
HNO

patterns

i on
tors
and expressions
FAC
TEC

al
Health (well being)
Of

Individuals, families, group and

institutions

Diverse health systems

Diverse health Nursing Professional

systems
system

Nursing care decisions and actions

cultural care preservation/ maintenance
cultural care accommodation/
negotiation
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cultural care repatterning/ restructuring

Culture congruent care

 Father
or intimate
partner

a Mother Infant a
cb b
c
d d

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 7. SERVEQUAL
PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY
(Parasuraman)
Word of Personal Past
mouth needs experience

Service Quality
Expected
Dimensions: Service Quality Assessment
service
(RATER) 1. Expectations exceeded
•Reliability ES<PS (Quality surprise)
•Assurance Perceived 2. Expectations met
•Tangibles service ES~PS (Satisfactory quality)
•Empathy 3. Expectations not met
•Responsiveness ES>PS (Unacceptable quality)

nursalam-MASALAH
 8. MODEL OF PERCEIVED
UNCERTAINTY IN ILLNESS Coping:
Mobilizing
Strategies
Affect-
control
strategies

Danger (+)
Stimulati frame
Symptom pattern (-) Interference
Event familiarity Uncertainty Illusion Adaptation
Even congruency
(+) Opportunity (+)
(+)
(-)
Cognitive Structure providers Coping:
capacities Credible authority buffering
Social support strategies
Education

Model of perceived uncertainty in illness. (from Mishel, M. H. [1988, Winter]. Uncertainty

in illnes. Image: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 20, 226)
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9. Lazarus & Folkman (1984) & MBI (1996)

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 How do you expect to get from
CURRENT EBP
PRACTICE
• Where are you now?
• Where do you want to be?
• Potential Barriers to change?
• Possible facilitators to Change?

=HOW to get to desired outcomes, EBP

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 5 Steps to EBP
1. Ask the burning clinical question
2. Collect the most relevant and best evidence
3. Critically appraise the evidence
4. Integrate all evidence with one’s clinical
expertise, patient preferences, and values in
making a practice decision or change
5. Evaluate the practice decision or change

nursalam-MASALAH
 Forming A Good Questions:
EVIDENCE BASED - PICO
 P = Patient population or disease of interest (age,
gender, ethnicity, with a certain disorder hepatitis)
 I = Intervention or range of interventions of interest
(exposure to disease, prognostic factor A, risk behavior)
 C = Comparison, you want to compare the
intervention against (no disease, placebo or no
intervention, prognostic factor B, absence of risk
factor)
 O = Outcome of interest (accuracy of diagnosis, rate of
occurrence of adverse outcome)
In (P) immobile acute care patients, what is the
effect of (I) turning every 2 hours on (O)
prevention of pressure ulcers compared with (C)
not turning patients every 2 hours?
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 d. Memberikan Rasional pada Teori
yang Dipilih
Determinan Teori/model Komponen Rasional
program intervensi

Rasa nyaman Theory of Pengembangan nurse-led Kolcaba menjelaskan

Comfort clinic untuk mengatasi kebutuhan pelayanan
(Kolcaba) nyeri neuropati kesehatan sebagai suatu
kebutuhan akan
kenyamanan dengan
menentukan desain tindakan
comfort melaui nurse-led
clinic diharapkan dapat
meningkatkan kenyamanan
pasien yang mengalami
nyeri neuropati

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Kemandirian Self care deficit Supportive-educative Teori Orem menjelaskan
pasien theory (Orem) system: melatih teknik tentang bagaimana
purse lips breathing seseorang dapat
pada pasien dengan meningkatkan kemandirian
PPOK seseorang dalam memenuhi
kebutuhannya, dengan
mengajarkan teknik purse
lips breathing pasien dapat
melakukan sendiri saat
sesak untuk meningkatkan
pernapasannya.

Kemampuan Adaptation Penggunaan Teori Roy menjelaskan

adaptasi model (Roy) polyethylene wrap pada upaya individu untuk dapat
BBLR beradaptasi dengan situasi
Caring terhadap atau lingkungan sekitar.
adaptasi pada pasien BBLR diupayakan untuk
HIV dapat beradapasi dengan
suhu ruangan yang berbeda
dengan ketika masih dalam
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 Adaptation Model
Input Control Effectors Output
processes

Coping Physiological function

Stimuli mechanisms Adaptive
Adaptation Self-concept and
 Regulator Role function
level  Cognator ineffective
Interdependence response

Feedback

Person as adaptive system. (From Roy, C. [1984]. Introduction to nursing: An adaptation model
[2nd ed., p. 30]. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.)
nursalam-MASALAH
 STRESSOR RESP. PERCEPTION (COGNATOR)
(Enviromental Role Sell-Concept
Interdepen- Physiological
stimuli –External) Function dence Mode
RESP. BIOLOGICAL

Caring
Behavior
-Predisposing
(Demographics)
INDIVIDU
--Enabling
functional psychological
--Reinforcing
status state

Severity of Psychosocial
Deseast
Interpersonal
Relations
IMMUNE
STATUS ?
Treatment
Regimen

MODEL - ADAPTASI DARI ROY

nursalam-MASALAH
(Nursalam, 2007)
 PNI
HEALTH

Potential Psychosocial
Co-Factors Moderators Psychosocial
Functioning

Person Neuro-
Immunological Quality of Life
Factors Perceived Coping Endocrine Mediators
Stress Pattern Mediators
s Physical
Pre tx: Health
Critical
Factors
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 PNI

nursalam-MASALAH (Thorton & Andersen, 200

 COGNATOR
Internal
stimuli
Processes for
C Intact pathways
and apparatus for
Perceptual/ information Selective attention, coding,
processing and memory

A
Perceptio
nLearning Imitation,
reinforcement, insight
R
Problem Solving & Psychomotor choice Effectors Response
Judgeme Decision Making of response

I nt ADAPTIF
Defenses to seek
Emotion relief , affective
N appraisal &
attachement
GExternal
stimuli

nursalam-MASALAH
PAKAR
 REGULATOR
Neural
Internal Spinal Effectors Automatic
stimuli cord;brainstem and reflex
autonomic reflexes response
Chemical

Intac Intact Responsiveness of Hormonal Responsiveness of Body

endocrine glands output target organs or response
Pathways
Circulation to & from tissues

CNS

Chemical

External

stimuli
Neural Perception Short term Psychomotor Effectors
memory choice of
response

Long term
memory

nursalam-MASALAH
PENERAPAN TOERI ROY & PNI TERHADAP RESPON ADAPTASI
BIOPSIKOSIOSPIRITUAL PADA PASIEN HIV AIDS
CARING (PAKAR)

Biologis: IO, UP Psikologis (coping) Sosial (interaksi) Spiritual (mengambil

hikmah)

RESPONS PERSEPSI
(KOGNISI)
K
Respons Spiritual Respons Sosial Respons Penerimaan diri O
P
Harapan Emosi Denial I
Tabah Cemas Anger N
Hikmah Interaksi Bargaining H
G
O
Depression-Acceptance
S
T
RESPONS
BIOLOGIS

HPA-AXIS D
Adrenal a
(Cortisol ) b
b
IL2,IFN- a
Th-1 Th-2
Sel Plasma
(CD4 )
(CD4 ) M
IFN- c
E
Ab- HIV
n
NK-cell CTL
w
e
e

Nursalam (2007) 2
0
nursalam-MASALAH
0
1
FRAMEWORK (p.403– ADAPTATION & PNI)
Counseling for patient
with Stress – pre op

Learning process
(cognator)
Perception Coping (+)
(+)  
Cognition -
Emotion

Stress A
 
D
A
Hypotalamus
H (CRF)
P
Adrenal medulla T
P (Catecolamines A
Pituitary
(ACTH) - endorphin T
A I
Adrenal Cortex Vital signs O
AXIS (Cortisol ) (T, P, R, PB) N

IMMUNE RESPONSE MODULATION

(CD4; cytokin; IgG)
nursalam-MASALAH
Pencapaian Becoming a Mengajarkan teknik Teori Mercer sebagai acuan untuk
peran ibu Mother kangaroo mother care mencapai peran seorang ibu dapat
(Mercer) digunakan untuk mendasari KMC
dalam upaya mendekatkan ikatan
antara ibu dan bayi serta melatih ibu
untuk merawat bayinya dengan penuh
kasih sayang

Interaksi Interpersonal Intervensi cognitive Teori peplau menjelaskan tentang

sosial relation behavior therapy kemampuan dalam memahami diri
(Peplau) (CBT) pada pasien sendiri dan orang lain sehingga tepat
menarik diri untuk mengatasi masalah keperawatan
menarik melalui fase orientasi, fase
identifikasi, fase resolusi, fase
eksplorasi yang sesuai dengan dengan
tahapan CBT yaitu tahap orientasi,
tahap kerja, dan tahap terminasi

nursalam-MASALAH
Holistic Caring Penerapan caring dalam Teori ini menekankan peran
Care (Swanson) meningktkan mutu dan caring dalam meningkatkan
keselamatan pasien pelayanan berfokus pada
pasien (kepuasan) dan
mencegah terjadinnya
adverse event (dekubitus,
medication error, plebitis,
pneumonia, infeksi daerah
operasi, dan jatuh).

nursalam-MASALAH
 e. Identifikasi kesenjangan

 Memetakan keadaan pasien saat ini dan

memetakan teori secara ideal
 Mengidentifikasi adanya kesenjangan yang
terjadi antara keadaan pasien dengan teori.
 Menganalisis apa yang perlu dilakukan untuk
mengatasi kesenjangan tersebut.

nursalam-MASALAH
4. WRITE AIM AND OBJECTIVES

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 RUMUS TUJUAN
BLOOM + Tuj. Penlitian + (V – V)
(C2-C6)
Menjelaskan DESKRIPSI
Menganalisis
PERBEDAAN
Mengidentifikasi
HUBUNGAN
Mempelajari
Mengukur
PENGARUH
dll SEBAB-AKIBAT
nursalam-MASALAH
TUJUAN (adaptasi & PNI) - konseling
Umum: Menjelaskan pengaruh konseling terhadap penurunan
TTV dan modulasi respons imun pada pasien pre
Operasi

 Khusus
1. Menjelaskan pengaruh konseling terhadap coping pasien
2. Menjelaskan pengaruh konseling terhadap penurunan respons
stres
3. Menjelaskan pengaruh konseling terhadap penurunan tanda
tanda vital
4. Menjelaskan pengaruh penerapan caring terhadap modulasi
respons imun (cortisol,CD4; cytokin; Ig)

nursalam-MASALAH
 TUJUAN PENELITIAN
(UMUM & KHUSUS)

TUJUAN UMUM TUJUAN KHUSUS

1. Menganalisis pengaruh
Menjelaskan (Bloom) penyuluhan terhadap
pengaruh (tujuan) pengetahuan ibu
penyuluhan (v.i)
2. Menganalisis pengaruh penyuluhan
terhadap perubahan
terhadap sikap ibu setelah
perilaku ibu untuk mendapatkan penyuluhan
datang ke Posyandu
(v.d) …. 3. Menganalisis pengaruh penyuluhan
terhadap rutinitas datang ke
Posyandu
nursalam-MASALAH
 CONTOH JUDUL
Menjelaskan (dihilangkan)
PENGARUH PENYULUHAN TERHADAP
PERUBAHAN PERILAKU IBU
DATANG KE POSYANDU
Atau
PENYULUHAN KES DALAM PERUBAHAN
PERILAKU IBU DATANG KE POSYANDU

nursalam-MASALAH
 5. JUDUL / TOPIK
PENELITIAN
1. SINGKAT DAN JELAS
2. TIDAK MELEBIHI 12 KATA
3. TERGAMBAR TUJUAN DAN VARIABEL
PENELITIAN (DESAIN, SAMPEL, TEMPAT)

nursalam-MASALAH
 TITLE TO EXPLAIN (TAKE OUT)
EFFECT OF PRE OP COUNSELING IN NURSING
CARE ON REDUCING STRESS RESPONSE, VITAL
SIGNS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE MODULATION
FOR PATIENT WITH PRE OP
OR
PRE OP COUNSELING IN NURSING CARE ON
REDUCING STRESS RESPONSE, VITAL SIGNS,
AND IMMUNE RESPONSE MODULATION FOR
PATIENT WITH PRE OP
Oleh: Nursalam
NIM . 090214910D

nursalam-MASALAH
 MANFAAT PENELITIAN
Manfaat teoritis
penyuluhan sebagai stimulus dalam proses
pembelajaran dalam merubah kognisi seseorang
berdasarkan konsep Adaptasi (Roy) dan PNI
(Ader)
Manfaat praktis
Merubah perilaku pasien secara positif untuk
datang ke POSYANDU dalam mencegah sakit
pada anak BALITA.
nursalam-MASALAH
 6. WRITE CHAPTER 1
(INTRODUCTION)
1.1 BACKGROUND (MSKS / MKSS)
1.2 SEARCHING RESEARCH PROBLEM
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVE (BASED ON
FRAMEWORK)
1.5 BENEFIT

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 CHAPTER 1,2,3: ALREADY
BAB 1 S/D BAB 3 SUDAH TERJAWAB

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1. Background (MSKS / MKSS)
Paragraph 1: problems (F1 & F2)
Paragraph 2: scale of the problems
Paragraph 3: chronological
Paragraph 4: Solution
2. Research questions
3. Aim and objectives
4. Benefit (theoretically & Practice)
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER 3: FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS
CHAPTER 4: RESEACH METHODS

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 7. WRITE CHAPTER 4
(RESEARCH METHODS)

D –DESIGN (non experiment & experiment)

S – SAMPLE (POPULATION, SAMPLING,
SAMPLE SIZE)
V – VARIABLE (independent, dependent, ........)
I – INSTRUMENT (Observation, questionnaire, scale,
in vivo – vitro, in depth interview)
A – ANALYSIS (T-S-S-V)
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 8. MEMULAI RISET
(pengumpulan data dst)

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 9. MENULIS HASIL DAN
MEMASUKAN KE JURNAL

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nursalam-MASALAH
 BAGAIMANA
PENULISAN
NASKAH dlm
JURNAL YG BAIK
? Suhadi Ibnu (2013)

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 Jurnal
 Publikasi (berkala) ilmiah yang
memuat informasi tentang kegiatan
dan hasil kegiatan bidang IPTEKS
tertentu
 Berfungsi mengkomunikasikan
aktivitas dan hasil pengembangan
IPTEKS
 Sarana komunikasi ilmiah antara
pihak-pihak yang terlibat di bidang
IPTEKS yang sama/sejenis

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Ciri-ciri Artikel dalam Jurnal Ilmiah

 Mempunyai bentuk, struktur, dan

isi dengan sifat tertentu
 Penulisannya mengikuti kaidah,
pola, dan teknik tertentu
 Kaidah, pola, dan teknik penulisan
(mungkin) dipengaruhi gaya
selingkung yang ditetapkan
Dewan Penyunting.

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Sifat Artikel Ilmiah

 Objektif
 Rasional
 Kritis
 Pembaharu dan
up-to-date

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 Muatan Jurnal
(Menurut Peraturan Dirjen Dikti No.49/DIKTI/Kep/2011

 Artikel Utama
 Artikel Hasil Penelitian
 Artikel Telaah
 Review Buku Baru
 Case Report
 Obituari

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Contoh:
ARTIKEL HASIL PENELITIAN
KUANTITATIF
1. Judul
2. Nama Penulis
3. Abstrak dan Kata kunci
4. Bagian Pendahuluan
5. Bahan dan Metode
6. Hasil dan Pembahasan
7. Simpulan dan Saran
8. Daftar Rujukan (5 thn terakhir)

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 KUALITATIF

 Judul
 Nama penulis
 Abstrak
 Pendahuluan
 Metode (fenomenologi, grounded theory, etnografi,
study kasus, biografi)
 Hasil dan Pembahasan
 Simpulan dan Saran
 Daftar Pustaka

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Format Artikel Penelitian (Cout: MGW)
-----------JUDUL -----------
Penulis
bstrak: -------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
ata kunci: -------------------------------
-------Pendahuluan (tanpa sub judul) -----------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
BAHAN & METODE
-------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
HASIL
-------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
BAHASAN
-------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
-------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------
DAFTAR RUJUKAN

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 1. JUDUL
1. SINGKAT DAN JELAS
2. TIDAK MELEBIHI 10 (Inggris) - 12 KATA (Indonesia)
3. TERGAMBAR TUJUAN DAN VARIABEL PENELITIAN (DESAIN,
SAMPEL, TEMPAT)

Contoh:
Model Asuhan keperawatan terhadap respons kognisi dan biologis
pada penderita HIV AIDS (jurnal Ners, vol. 6 no. 2011
Prediktor beban merawat dan tingkat depresi pada caregiver dlm
merawat Lansia dgn dimensia di masyarakat.
(jurnal ners, vol. 8 no.1nursalam-MASALAH
2013
2. Abstrak dan Kata Kunci: I-M-R-A-D

 I: Masalah dan/atau
tujuan penelitian
 M: Metode/pendekatan
 R-A:Hasil penelitian
D: Discussion & Conclusion

Dua versi: B.
Indonesia dan
Inggris
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Contoh: ABSTRACT (by Nursalam, Kadek, Mishabatul, Effendy) –
JNEP (2014)
SLEEP HYGIENE BEHAVIOR AMONG BALINESE ADOLESCENT
Introduction: Sleep hygiene is very important for predicting the quality and quantity of sleep in
adolescent students. Studies in recent yearsshowed thenumber ofadolescentswhoget sleep
disturbancesdue topoor sleepbehaviorincreased by 72,9%, however only a few study explored the
sleep hygiene behaviour particularly from developing country setting. The purpose of this study
was to know sleep hygiene in adolescent students in Bali. Method: Design used in this study was
descriptive analytic with cross-sectional approach. The population was all students of class X and
XI in PGRI Negara High School. Total sample was 46 respondents. Data were collected by using
questionnaires modification Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS) and it was analyzed by
using multiple linear regression test with level of significance <0,05. Result: The result showed
that sleep hygiene for adolescents Balinese in terms of most of the physiological aspect of sleep
hygiene behaviors to have enough category(50,00%). Reviewed from the cognitive aspect showed
on less category(71,74%). Most have sleephygiene behavior with good category(41,32%) on the
emotional aspect. The sleep environment aspect showed on lessc ategory(45,65%). The daytime
sleep aspect, most have sleep hygiene behavior with enough category(50,00%) and the sleep
stability aspect on less category(43,48%). Discussion and conclusion: It can be concluded that
most of Balinese adolescents has sleep hygiene with less to moderate category. Further studies
should be done related intervention to improve sleep quality.
Keywords : sleep hygiene, Balinese, adolescent

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 3. Bagian Pendahuluan (MKSS)

 Berisi:
•Masalah penelitian
•Kronologis
•Skala masalah
•Solusi (usulan pemecahan)
Tujuan

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4. BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN:
D-S-V-I-A
Desain
Populasi, sampel, sampel size, sampling
Variabel
Instruments & bahan
Analysis
Etchical clearance??? – wajib utk Jurnal
International

 (Untuk penelitian kualitatif:

Mengikuti kaidah penelitian
kualitatif)

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5. HASIL (WHAT) & PEMBAHASAN
NO ITEM PENJELASAN
Bagian  Kalimat Pengantar
Deskriptif  Gambaran Lokasi Penelitian
(Isi)  Data Umum: Penyajian karakteristik pasien yg
diteliti (tidak ditampilkan)
 Data Khusus: Penyajian variabel yg diteliti secara
rinci(tabel, gambar dll)
 Setiap Tabel / gambar harus dijelaskan di
bawahnya, meliputi:
1) Amati data yg ada
2) Hubungan pokok yg akan diuji
3) Mencari angka-angka yg
menyimpang
4) Tulis hasil uji statistik

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 PEMBAHASAN
PERLU PENJABARAN PERTANYAAN “WHY & HOW”
1. Isi: F-T-O: Fakta (hasil penelitian); Teori; dan Opini
(pendapat peneliti)
2. Menganalisa makna penemuan penelitian (hasil dihubungkan dgn.
pertanyaan penelitian: membandingkan dgn. temuan sebelumnya
(apakah memperkuat; berlawanan; atau sama sekali baru)
3. Setiap pertanyaan dijelaskan (didukung dgn. referensi yg memadai)
4. Menghubungkan dgn ilmu – teori yg ada; fakta di lapangan
5. Perlu dituliskan hasil temuan dan keterbatasan
6. Penulisan secara wajar (tidak berlebihan) menuliskan makna hasil
penelitian

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 6. SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
 Isi kesimpulan:
1) Menjawab masalah atau tujuan (khusus) penelitian / membuktikan hipotesis
2) Didasarkan pada hasil dan pembahasan
3) Memberikan makna dari temuan
4) Menggunakan bahasa yang jelas dan singkat
5) Meminimalkan / meniadakan hasil-hasil angka statistik

SARAN
 Saran harus operasional dan dapat diterapkan
 Dituliskan berdasarkan kesimpulan yang masih belum sesuai dengan
tujuan penelitian ataupun adanya kesenjangan dengan fakta dan standar
 Ditujukan untuk kepentingan masayarakat (konsumen) dan
perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan (i.e. perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih
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 SIMPULAN
KIAT-KIAT KEBERHASILAN
1. Tergantung pada kinerja pengelola berkala
2. Keseriusan penulis artikel dlm mendukung pengelola
berkala agar dapat terakreditasi dengan mengikuti
aturan penulisan/gaya selingkung berkala ilmiah
3. Harus ada kerjasama yang baik antara penulis dan
penerbit/pengelola berkala
4. Substansi artikel yang berkualitas
5. Meminamilisasi penghambat penerbitan (biaya, tidak
adanya artikel yang bermutu dan layak untuk
diterbitkan)

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“You don’t have to be great to get started,
but you have to get started to be great”
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--------- Les Brown ----------