ME-207 Thermodynamics-II

Reversible Steady-Flow Work

(Lecture # 06)
TEXT BOOK: CHAPTER 7 (7.10)
Learning Objectives
 Reversible Steady-Flow Work
 Problems

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Reversible Steady-Flow Work
 The work done during a process depends on the path followed as
well as on the properties at the end states.

 Recall that reversible (quasi-equilibrium) moving boundary work

associated with closed systems is expressed in terms of the fluid
properties as

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Reversible Steady-Flow Work
 The energy balance for a steady-flow device undergoing an
internally reversible process can be expressed in differential
form as

but

Substituting this into the relation above and canceling dh yield

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Reversible Steady-Flow Work
 Integrating, we find

(7.51)

For negligible changes in kinetic and potential

energies, the equation becomes
(7.52)

To avoid the negative sign

(7.53)

Pdv and vdP should not be confused with each other. Pdv is
associated with reversible boundary work in closed systems
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Reversible Steady-Flow Work
 When the working fluid is incompressible,
(7.54)

 For the steady flow of a liquid through a device that involves

no work interactions (such as a nozzle or a pipe section), the
work term is zero, and the equation above can be expressed as

Bernoulli equation (7.55)

 Equation, has far-reaching implications in engineering

regarding devices that produce or consume work steadily such
as turbines, compressors, and pumps.
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Reversible Steady-Flow Work
 The larger the specific volume, the larger the reversible work
produced or consumed by the steady-flow device.
 the specific volume of a fluid should be made as small as
possible during a compression process to minimize the work
input and as large as possible during an expansion process to
maximize the work output.
 Therefore, the net work output of the steam cycle is much
larger than the net work output of the gas turbine cycle.

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Example 7.9

Cp,ave = 1.006 kJ/kg.K

R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K

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Example 7.9

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Example 7.9

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Problem

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Solved Example
EXAMPLE 7–12

Determine the compressor work input required to compress steam

isentropically from 100 kPa to 1 MPa, assuming that the steam
exists as (a) saturated liquid and (b) saturated vapor at the inlet
state.

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Solved Example

SOLUTION
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 Kinetic
and potential energy changes are negligible. 3 The process is
given to be isentropic.
(a) In this case, steam is a saturated liquid initially, and its specific
volume is

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(b) for an isentropic process

Thus

determine the enthalpies:

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 Thus,

compressing steam in the vapor form would require over 500

times more work than compressing it in the liquid form
between the same pressure limits.

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