The round table conferences

First round table conference

• NOVEMBER 1930 First conference was held in
London
• ATTENDED BY MUSLIM LEAGUE AND PRINCELY
STATES
• CONGRESS REFUSED TO ATTEND
• CONGRESS BEGAN ITS PROGRAMME OF NON
COOPERATION
 SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE

• MUSLIM LEADERS URGED GHANDHI TO STOP

NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT
• GHANDHI – IRWIN PACT WAS SIGNED
• IRWIN AGREED TO RELEASE POLITICAL
PRISONERS
• GHANDHI TO CALL OFF NON COOPERATION
MOVEMENT
 Third round table conference
• November 1932
• Viceroy Lord Irwin had been replaced BY LORD
Willington
• During third round table conference congress
again started non cooperation movement
• None of the parties involved in third
conference
 Third round table conference
• Congress boycotted the talks
• Jinnah had gone into voluntary exile due to
lack of progress in round table conferences
• Sir Agha khan represented Muslims during
conference
 Rahmat Ali
• Rahmat Ali believed that there should be
partition with separate Muslim homeland
• Rahmat ali wrote a pamphlet called now or
never, in it he said Muslims should have their
own homeland
• Punjab, Afghania(NWFP),Kashmir, Iran, Sindh,
Turkistan, Afghanistan and Balochistan
 Two parts of the Government of India Act
1935

INDIA ACT
1935

WHY IT WAS WHY IT WAS

IMPORTANT REJECTED
The Government of India Act 1935
• Indians were demanding a greater role in the
government of their country since the late 19th
century.
• That Act introduced a new system of government
known as provincial "diarchy", i.e., education and
forest) were placed in the hands of ministers
responsible to the provincial legislature,
• while others (such as public order , finance,
police ,army) were retained in the hands of officials
responsible to the British-appointed provincial Governor.
• This act was a reflection of British fears….
• The diarchy system proved unsatisfactory…
• Indian politicians said, the " strings" were still
in the hands of British officials.
 May/June 2020
• Q4
• (b) Explain why there was opposition to the
Government of India Act of 1935. [7]
 1937 Elections
• First elections of India
• Congress and Muslim league were not in favor
of elections
• Later on they agreed for elections
• Elections results were a great disappointment
for Muslim League
• Congress won majorities
• Muslim League won only 109 seats out of 482
 1937 Elections
• The election had not been a success for Muslim
League, but it had brought benefits to Muslim
league
• 1.Muslim league become united
• 2.muslim league learned to improve its planning
• 3.The Muslim league now knew that its support
lay more in areas where the Muslims were in
minority
 1937 Elections
• The election had not been a success for
Muslim League, but it had brought benefits to
Muslim league
• The Muslim League also realized that it had an
image problem. Its leader were seen as
aristocrats and princes, whereas many
Muslims at this time were poor and illiterate.
 The Rule of Congress 1937-39
• After winning elections , congress took up
their seats and formed different rules and
regulations…
• The Congress soon introduced a series of
measures which threatened Muslim culture
 The Rule of Congress 1937-39

The Rule of
Congress

Bande The Wardha The Congress

Matram Scheme Tyranny
 Bande Matram
• Hindu song
• To expel (To Leave) Muslims from Hindustan
• This worried and offended Muslims
 The Wardha Scheme
• Teaching was in hindi
• No religious education in schools
• All students were expected to bow before a
picture of Gandhi
• Muslims saw these measures as an attempt to
subvert( undermine the power )Love for Islam
 The Congress Tyranny 1937-39
• Hindu extremists behaved in an appalling
(causing shock) way
• Muslims were forbidden to eat beef and
received harsh punishments if they
slaughtered cows
• AZAAN was forbidden
• Attacks were carried out on mosques
 Day of Deliverance
• December 1939 , Muslims celebrate the end
of Congress rule….
• Because Britain went to war with Germany,
THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1939-1945
• BRITIAN announced that India was at war
• Congress resigned from provincial government
 Day of Deliverance
• On 2 December 1939, Jinnah put out an appeal, calling for
Indian Muslims to celebrate 22 December 1939 as a "Day of
Deliverance" from Congress:

• I wish the Musalmans all over India to observe Friday 22

December as the "Day of Deliverance" and thanksgiving as a
mark of relief that the Congress regime has at last ceased to
function. I hope that the provincial, district and primary Muslim
Leagues all over India will hold public meetings and pass the
resolution with such modification as they may be advised, and
after Jumma prayers offer prayers by way of thanksgiving for
being delivered from the unjust Congress regime.
 Second world war 1939-1945
• Britain announced second world war with
Germany
• Viceroy Linlithgow announced that India too
was at war with Germany.
• Congress objected to this announcement,
saying that if India was to fight, it could only
do so if it were granted a promise of full
independence.
Pakistan Resolution
• Although the name "Pakistan" had been
proposed by Choudhary Rahmat Ali
 Lahore Resolution 1940
• Lahore Conference

• A. K. Fazlul Huq presented the historical

Lahore resolution in 1940.
• The session was held on 22–24 March 1940, at
Iqbal Park, Lahore.
Fazal ul Haq
 Lahore Resolution 1940
• That geographically contiguous units are
demarcated into regions which should be
constituted, with such territorial readjustments
as may be necessary that the areas in which the
Muslims are numerically in a majority as in the
North Western and Eastern Zones of (British)
India should be grouped to constitute
'independent states' in which the constituent
units should be autonomous and sovereign.