Subject: Science

Topic: States and properties of matter

Grade: IV

Cambridge/IV/2122 States and properties of matter 1 of 15

 Solids
In solids, the particles are very close
together.

There are small spaces between the

particles.

The particles are packed together in a

regular pattern.

They cannot move or vibrate freely or fast

because they are held together so tightly.

They vibrate in a fixed position only.

Cambridge/IV/2122 States and properties of matter 2 of 15
 Liquids
Liquids, the particles are closely
packed but further apart than in
solids.

There are small spaces between the particles.

The particles are not packed in a fixed pattern.

The particles are not held together so tightly, they

can move or vibrate faster and more freely.

The particles in liquids can slide past one another.

Cambridge/IV/2122 States and properties of matter 3 of 15

 Gases

In gases, the particles are very far

apart from each other.

There are big spaces between the

particles.

The particles can move freely in all

directions and move very fast because
they are not held together strongly.

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Cambridge/IV/2122 States and properties of matter 6 of 15
 Are the particles in the particle Yes, No or Partly.
model:
Are the particles in the particle
model of ice
the same?
touching each other?
arranged in a regular pattern?
Are the particles in the particle
model of water
the same?
spread out a bit?
touching at least one other particle?
Are the particles in the particle
model of water vapour
the same?
spread out a lot?
not touching other particles?
Cambridge/IV/2122 States and properties of matter 7 of 15
 Ice Cube Water Steam (vapour)
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 Water changes state

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 Thermometer
Different substances take different
times to melt or boil because it takes
different amounts of heat for them to
change state.

The amount of heat in a substance is

called the temperature.

We measure temperature with a

thermometer.

The unit we use is degrees

centigrade (°C).

Cambridge/IV/2122 States and properties of matter 10 of 15

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 Expands Contracts

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 EVAPORATION
When a liquid evaporates it changes from
the liquid
state to the gas state.

liquid + heat → gas

Cambridge/IV/2122 States and properties of matter 14 of 15
 WATER CYCLE

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